Biological Evolution ; Morphinans ; Papaver ; Plant Proteins ; genetics

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt renal trauma is an uncommon complication of delayed hemorrhage, and diagnostic difficulties are experienced due to its rarity. Delayed hemorrhage after renal trauma is a lifethreatening complication. Angiography is considered the gold standard to diagnose a traumatic renal artery pseudoaneurysm. We report here a case of delayed bleeding from a renal artery pseudoaneurysm that was diagnosed at 17 days after the injury and that was managed successfully with selective renal artery embolization without medical complication.
Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Kidney ; Morphinans ; Renal Artery

This study of the clinical use of nalbuphine as a component of a balanced anesthesia technique was undertaken with the purpose of exploring the feasibility and safety of this drug as well as to establish possible guidelines for its use.
Human ; Child ; ANESTHESIA ; ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA ; NALBUPHINE ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ; ALKALOIDS ; OPIATE ALKALOIDS ; MORPHINANS ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH 4 OR MORE RINGS ; MORPHINANS ; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, BRIDGED-RING ; MORPHINANS ; POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC ; PHENANTHRENES

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic progressing disease in the elderly. In current there are many methods of drug treatment for knee osteoarthritis, the intra-articular injection belongs to local application, can direct effect on arthritis, is the most used and most effective methods in osteoarthritis treatment. A single medication may exist that anti-inflammatory effects produce a marked effect but articular cartilage injury is induced, or articular cartilage repairing are promoted but anti-inflammatory effects is not ideal. Therefore,the best method of treatment should be a comprehensive analysis of articular structure, function and possible pathogenic factor to understand the expectations of level of recovery and use in patients to design an individualized treatment plan.
Glucocorticoids ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Morphinans ; therapeutic use ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for the determination of a Tibetan medicine Meconopsis quintuplinervia.

METHODA Hypersil-Keystone-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with the isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 0.012% glacial acetic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 237 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of 0-methylflavinantine was 0.2-2.4 microg (r = 0.999 7). The average recovery was 96.26%.

CONCLUSIONThe developed method was reliable, and can be used for the quality control of M. quintuplinervia Regel.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Morphinans ; analysis ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability for oral use of sinomenine tablet in beagle dogs.

METHODApplying to double cycle self crossover design, a single oral or intravenous dose of 10 mg x kg(-1) sinomenine was given to 10 beagle dogs. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 pharmacokinetic program.

RESULTThe concentration-time curves of oral administration fitted to one compartment model in the beagle dogs. The T(max), C(max), t1/2 and AUC(0-T) was (82.5 +/- 13.9) min, (0.15 +/- 0.027) mg x L(-1), (87.6 +/- 28.3) min and (28.43 +/- 3.48) mg x min x L(-1), respectively. The concentration -time curves of i.v. fitted to two compartment model in the beagle dogs. The t1/2beta and AUC(0-T) was (106.7 +/- 120.2) min and (93.32 +/- 82.08) mg x min x L(-1). The absolute bioavailability for oral use was (30.46 +/- 4.24)%.

CONCLUSIONThe absolute bioavailability of sinomenine is low, and the elimination of sinomenine tablet is fast.

Animals ; Biological Availability ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Morphinans ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution

Antipyschotics have been frequently reported being associated with hyponatremia. We have experienced two cases of severe hyponatremia with neurological symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone. Case 1 was a 33-year-old female who developed hyponatremia (Na+114 mEq/L) at 17 days after initiation of treatment with risperidone. Case 2 was a 41-year-old female who developed hyponatremia (Na+107 mEq/L) 5 months after treatment with risperidone. In both cases, polydipsia was not obvious. The exact cause of hyponatremia was uncertain, but we suggest that syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone due to risperidone may be the mechanism of hyponatremia in both cases. Although there have been many recent studies about the pathophysiology of hyponatremia among psychiatric patients, the exact mechanism remains unclear. There have been many case reports in the literature of hyponatremia associated with antipsychotics. We suggest that risperidone may be a potential drug that can cause hyponatremia and lead to life-threatening neurological symptoms in the early stage treatment, and that clinicians should monitor patients on a regular basis.
Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Coma ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Morphinans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Polydipsia ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia

Five and half years ago, a 45-year-old female metastatic gastric cancer patient underwent a metastatectomy and chemotherapy. Over the last 4 years and 2 months, she received radiotherapy for every new distant metastasis with intermittent TS-1 oral chemotherapy. She received 8 courses of radiotherapy at 17 metastatic sites for more than 4 years. Metastatic sites which received a curative radiation dose achieved and maintained local control. The patient is now 51 years of age and lives without difficulty in performing her daily activities.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Morphinans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Quality of Life ; Silicates ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Titanium

The present study designed and prepared near-infrared responsive sinomenine hydrochloride(SIN) reservoir microneedles and evaluated the feasibility of this type of microneedles in increasing the drug loading and transdermal absorption by characterizing their mechanical properties and in vitro release characteristics.SIN was selected as the model drug, and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) poly(caprolactone)(mPEG-PCL) copolymers and indocyanine green(ICG) were employed as amphiphilic block copolymers and light inductor to prepare near-infrared responsive nanoparticles.Based on the preparation principle of bubble microneedles, near-infrared responsive SIN reservoir microneedles were designed and prepared.The features of the near-infrared responsive SIN reservoir microneedles were characterized by measuring the morphology, length, mechanical properties, and skin penetration of microneedles.Meanwhile, the drug release performance of reservoir microneedles was evaluated by in vitro release assay.The results showed that the prepared SIN microneedles were conical, with an exposed tip height of about 650 μm.Each needle could load about 0.5 mg of drugs per square centi-meter, and this type of microneedle showed good mechanical properties and performance in skin penetration.The results of the in vitro release assay showed that the 24 h cumulative release per unit area and release rate of the microneedle were 825.61 μg·cm~(-2) and 74.3%, respectively, which indicated that its release kinetics was in line with the first-order kinetic model.This study preliminarily proved that the reservoir microneedle could effectively increase the drug loading with good mechanical properties and release perfor-mance.
Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Drug Liberation ; Indocyanine Green ; Morphinans ; Needles ; Polyethylene Glycols

OBJECTIVETo prepare the gastric retenting and chronopharmacologic drug delivery tablets containing sinomenine hydrochloride as a model drug, evaluate the effects of the coating layers formulation and technics on drug release behavior, and to elucidate the mechanism of drug release based on obtained results.

METHODThe gastric retenting and chronopharmacologic drug delivery tablets were prepared by press-coated technics. The types of disintegrants were chosen according to the expanding rate and the lag-time. The effects of formulation and technics of coating layer on the release characteristic of the drug were investigated by dissolution testing. The mechanism of drug release was proved by erosion test.

RESULTThe tablets had typical chronopharmacologic drug delivery properties with a lag time followed by a rapid release phase. CMS-Na was selected as the disintegrant. The lag-time was prolonged with the increase of the ratio of HPMC/carrrageenan and the amount of matrix material in coating layer. The compressing pressure and preparation method of coat material had minor influence on the lag-time of the tablets. Coating layer erosion and tablet core swelling were involved in the mechanism of drug release.

CONCLUSIONThe tablets had typical chronopharmacologic drug delivery properties. A suitable lag-time can be achieved by adjusting formulation of coating layer to meet the requirement of chronotherapy.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Chronotherapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Humans ; Morphinans ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Stomach ; drug effects ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics