*Asia, Southeastern ; *Chloroguanide ; *Chloroquine ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial ; *Drug Therapy ; *Malaria ; *Plasmodium falciparum ; *Pyrimethamine ; *Quinacrine ; *Quinine ; *Statistics ; *Adolescent ; *Child

OBJECTIVETo determine if vitamin D intake is associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children.

METHODSThe vitamin D intakes of children younger than 5 years of age admitted to hospital with either bronchiolitis or pneumonia were compared to an unmatched control group of the same age without respiratory infection. Caregivers of 197 children completed a questionnaire collecting information on demographic variables, ALRI risk factors and diet. Associations of ALRI with vitamin D intake and other ALRI risk factors were determined.

RESULTSThe mean vitamin D intake of children with ALRI was 48 IU/kg/d compared to 60 IU/kg/d in the control group. When controlling for age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, northern residence, breastfeeding, immunizations and smoking contact, children with a vitamin D intake of less than 80 IU/kg/d were greater than 4 times more likely to have ALRI compared to children with a vitamin D intake exceeding 80 IU/kg/d (OR=4.9; 95%CI: 1.5-16.4).

CONCLUSIONSA higher vitamin D intake than currently recommended might be needed to offer protection against diseases such as ALRI. Increased vitamin D supplementation could have important public health consequences, as bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common reasons for hospitalization in young children. (Full English version will be available online at www.amepc.org/tp.).

Acute Disease ; Bronchiolitis ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Vitamin D ; administration & dosage