Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of clusters of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide insights into improving the prevention and control measurements of HFMD in Jinshan District. Methods: Data of HFMD cases in Jinshan District from 2016 to 2021 were collected through Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and data pertaining to HFMD clusters in kindergartens and schools were also collected. The scale, temporal distribution, regional distribution and distribution of cluster places were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 338 HFMD clusters involving 974 cases were identified in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District from 2016 to 2021, with an average attack rate of 9.89%. The number of cases in each cluster ranged from 2 to 12 cases, with a median number of 2 (interquartile range, 1) cases, and there were 223 clusters involving 2 cases, accounting for 65.98%. The duration of clusters ranged from 1 to 16 days, with a median duration of 4 (interquartile range, 3) days. HFMD peaked from April to June (136 clusters, 40.24%) and from September to December (176 clusters, 52.07%). All the 11 streets and towns (high-tech zones) were reported HFMD clusters, and the three largest number of clusters were reported in Zhujing Town (72 clusters, 21.30%), Shanyang Town (63 clusters, 18.64%) and Tinglin Town (40 clusters, 11.83%). There were 268 HFMD clusters in kindergartens (79.29%) and 70 in schools (20.71%), and the prevalence of HFMD clusters was higher in kindergartens than in schools (35.51% vs. 17.03%; χ2=31.507, P<0.001). Conclusions HFMD clusters in kindergartens and schools showed seasonal characteristics from 2016 to 2021 in Jinshan District, which predominantly occurred in Zhujing Town, Shanyang Town and Tinglin Town, and kindergartens were the main places.

Objective To identify and analyze the homology of Ochrobactrum isolated from clinical blood samples of children.Methods The 26 strains of Ochrobactrum anthropi were identified by Vitek 2 Compact and test strips of API 20 NE bacterial identification system.The biochemical phenotypes were identified by manual tests.The 16S rRNA and recA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The drug sensitivity tests of Ochrobactrum anthropi were performed by Vitek 2 Compact and matched GN13 card.The homology was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.Results Based on the identification of the instruments and the manual tests for biochemical phenotype,all the 26 experimental strains were Ochrobactrum anthropi.The results of sequencing for 16S rRNA and recA gene amplification products showed 25 strains were Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum and the other 1 was O.grignonensein.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the all the 26 strains were resistant to aztreonam,but the sensitive rates to quinolones,aminoglycosides,trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole,four generation of cephalosporins and the antibiotics compound of piperacillin/tazobactam were all more than 80％.Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the 25 strains were highly homologous with differences of only 1 to 3 bands in fingerprint profiles.Conclusion Based on the biochemical phenotype and the sequencing of 16S rRNA and recA gene,the Ochrobactrum-like bacteria could be identified to the level of species.The highly homologous strains of Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum may be sourced from a clustered infection.