In order to find the characteristics of physique and physical fitness of the field hockey players, the data were collected from the Japanese Men's Team members in anthropometric measurements and physical fitness test during the last six years since 1978.
From the data collected for this study the following observation were made :
1. The Japanese National Men's Field Hockey players had superior measurements in agility, especially, Side-Step-Test and cardiorespiratory function but inferior measurements in muscular strength and flexibility than players in other activities¹⁷⁾ ; their physique were smaller than others.
2. When compared with Tokyo Olympic Field Hockey players of twenty years ago, some increments in measurements were recognized in weight, circumferences, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function; but not too much differences were observed in various longitudinal measurements, jumping reaction time, simple reaction time and flexibility.
3. When individual measurements of three years span were compared longitudinally, circumferences like chest girth and upper arm girth, Vertical jump and Side-Step-Test were increased but cardiorespiratory function declined with the age. The rest of the items did not change much during the span of three years.

In order to find the characteristics of physique and physical fitness of the field hockey players, data were collected from the Japanese Women's Team members in anthropometric measurements and physical fitness test over an eight-year period starting 1978.
From the data collected for this study the following observations were made :
1. From the data obtained during the last eight years, the tendency to increase or to improve was observed in the mean values of their physique and functional test items.
2. The Japanese National Women's hockey players were superior in agility, especially, side-step-test but inferior in muscular strength, flexibility and cardio-respiratory functions to national players in other activities ; their physique were smaller than others.
3. When compared with hockey players of foreign countries, it was observed that Japanese Women's hockey players were smaller in physique and inferior in muscular strength and cardio-respiratory functions.
4. When individual measurements of three years span were compared longitudinary, upper arm girth, muscular strength of upper limb and trunk had increased and jumping reaction time had improved, but not too many differences were observed in flexibility and cardio-respiratory function during the three years.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PURPOSE: This prospective analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and bone-bonding rate of hybrid hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers in expansive laminoplasty. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Various types of spacers or plates have been developed for expansive laminoplasty. METHODS: Expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed in 146 patients with cervical myelopathy; 450 hybrid HA spacers and 41 autogenous bone spacers harvested from the spinous processes were grafted into the opened side of each lamina. The patients were followed up using computed tomography (CT), and their bone-bonding rates for hybrid HA and autogenous spacers, bone-fusion rates of the hinges of the laminae, and complications associated with the implants were then examined. RESULTS: Clinical symptoms significantly improved in all patients, and no major complications related to the procedure were noted. The hybrid HA spacers exhibited sufficient bone bonding on postoperative CT. The hinges completely fused in over 95% patients within 1 year of the procedure. Only 4 spacers (0.9%) developed lamina sinking, and most expanded laminae maintained their positions without sinking or floating throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid HA spacers contributed to high bone-fusion rates of the spacers and hinges of the laminae, and no complications were associated with their use. Cervical laminoplasty with these spacers is safe and simple, and it yields sufficient fixation strength while ensuring sufficient bone bonding during the immediate postoperative period.
Cervical Vertebrae ; Durapatite ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminoplasty ; Observational Study ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Transplants