Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap combined with oral repair membrane in the reconstruction of nasal mucosa defect after maxillary malignant tumor surgery. Methods:A total of 12 patients with maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma and maxillary sinus cancer who had been treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital, Capital Medical University & Nanchong Central Hospital, were selected from November 2020 to November 2023. Free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap transplantation combined with oral repair membrane were used in all patients. Meanwhile, maxillary soft and hard tissue defects and nasal mucosa defects left after tumor operation were repaired and reconstructed. The clinical effect was evaluated after 6-12 months follow-up. Results:Subtotal maxillary resection was performed in 1 case, total maxillary resection in 9 cases and extended maxillary resection in 2 cases. The musculocutaneous flaps of all patients survived, the facial appearance was basically symmetrical, no obvious depression deformity, the swallowing and speech function recovered well, the mouth and nasal cavity were closed completely, the food could be eaten through the mouth, and the lower nasal passage was not blocked. Conclusion:The free anterolateral thigh musculoflap combined with oral repair membrane can be used to repair and reconstruct maxillary malignant tumor complicated with extensive maxillary tissue and nasal mucosa defect after operation, and the appearance and function can be recovered well after operation, which is a choice for maxillary malignant tumor complicated with nasal mucosa defect.
Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Maxillary Neoplasms/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Nasal Mucosa/surgery* ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Thigh/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/surgery*

Objective:To investigate the clinical effectiveness of autologous hamstring tendon reconstruction with preserved synovial sheath combined with remnant suture in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 38 patients with ACL tear who had been admitted to Department of Sports Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan from January 2016 to July 2020. There were 30 males and 8 females, with an age of (25.4±7.2) years. By the typing of MRI Sherman tear locations (MSTL) for anterior cruciate ligament, 7 cases were Type I and 31 cases type II. A total of 18 patients underwent single bundle reconstruction of autologous hamstring tendon combined with remnant suture (group A), and the other 20 patients underwent conventional reconstruction to clean the synovial sheath of ACL (group B). The operation time,Tenger scores, Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and side-to-side differences in relaxation at pre- operation, 1 year and 2 years after operation, as well as ACL healing of the affected knee at 2 years after operation, were observed and compared between the 2 groups. The graft synovial coverage was evaluated by secondary arthroscopy in some cases.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (38.5±8.4) months. No surgical site infection or knee stiffness occurred in the 2 groups after operation, and 2 patients in each group developed intermuscular venous thrombosis at a lower limb. There was no significant difference in operation time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in Tenger score [(6.3±1.6) points versus (4.7±1.7) points], Lysholm score [(93.4±4.2) points versus (85.9±4.3) points] and IKDC subjective score [(89.1±2.9) points versus (81.2±2.9) points] between group A and group B at 1 year after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Tenger score, Lysholm score or IKDC subjective score between the 2 groups at 2 years after operation ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in side-to-side difference in relaxation between the 2 groups at 1 year or 2 years after operation ( P>0.05). MRI evaluation at 2 years after operation showed no recurrent rupture or no sign of impingement between the graft and the intercondylar fossa in either group. Conventional secondary arthroscopy for 2 patients in group A and 3 patients in group B revealed better synovial coverage in group A. Conclusion:In the treatment of ACL tears of MSTL types I and II, compared with conventional reconstruction to clean the synovial sheath of ACL, autologous hamstring tendon reconstruction with preserved synovial sheath combined with remnant suture can lead to better functional recovery at 1 year after operation, though there is no significant difference in function at 2 years after operation.

BACKGROUND:Chronic rotator cuff injury is often companied by tendon degeneration and impaired function of tendon-derived stem cells.As am important cytokine,platelet-derived growth factor-DD has a regulatory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-DD on the proliferation and multilineage differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells in human chronic rotator cuff injury.METHODS:Tendon-derived stem cells were isolated from human chronic rotator cuff injury tissue and cultured in vitro.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the cytoskeletal morphology of tendon-derived stem cells.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotype of tendon-derived stem cells.Tendon-derived stem cells were divided into two groups.The control group did not receive any intervention.The platelet-derived growth factor-DD group was treated with 5 μg/mL platelet-derived growth factor-DD.The effect of platelet-derived growth factor-DD on the proliferation and multilineage differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and three-lineage differentiation assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The number of EdU-positive cells in the platelet-derived growth factor-DD group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Tendon-derived stem cells entered the rapid proliferation phase earlier,and the cell growth was logarithmic.(2)The positive areas of Oil Red O staining,Alcian Blue staining,and Alizarin Red staining in the platelet-derived growth factor-DD group were significantly larger than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)The above results show that platelet-derived growth factor-DD significantly promotes the proliferation and adipogenic,osteogenic,and chondrogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Chronic rotator cuff injury is often companied by tendon degeneration and impaired function of tendon-derived stem cells.As am important cytokine,platelet-derived growth factor-DD has a regulatory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-DD on the proliferation and multilineage differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells in human chronic rotator cuff injury.METHODS:Tendon-derived stem cells were isolated from human chronic rotator cuff injury tissue and cultured in vitro.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the cytoskeletal morphology of tendon-derived stem cells.Flow cytometry was used to identify the phenotype of tendon-derived stem cells.Tendon-derived stem cells were divided into two groups.The control group did not receive any intervention.The platelet-derived growth factor-DD group was treated with 5 μg/mL platelet-derived growth factor-DD.The effect of platelet-derived growth factor-DD on the proliferation and multilineage differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells was evaluated by cell proliferation assay and three-lineage differentiation assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The number of EdU-positive cells in the platelet-derived growth factor-DD group was significantly increased compared with the control group(P＜0.05).Tendon-derived stem cells entered the rapid proliferation phase earlier,and the cell growth was logarithmic.(2)The positive areas of Oil Red O staining,Alcian Blue staining,and Alizarin Red staining in the platelet-derived growth factor-DD group were significantly larger than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)The above results show that platelet-derived growth factor-DD significantly promotes the proliferation and adipogenic,osteogenic,and chondrogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effectiveness of autologous hamstring tendon reconstruction with preserved synovial sheath combined with remnant suture in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 38 patients with ACL tear who had been admitted to Department of Sports Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan from January 2016 to July 2020. There were 30 males and 8 females, with an age of (25.4±7.2) years. By the typing of MRI Sherman tear locations (MSTL) for anterior cruciate ligament, 7 cases were Type I and 31 cases type II. A total of 18 patients underwent single bundle reconstruction of autologous hamstring tendon combined with remnant suture (group A), and the other 20 patients underwent conventional reconstruction to clean the synovial sheath of ACL (group B). The operation time,Tenger scores, Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and side-to-side differences in relaxation at pre- operation, 1 year and 2 years after operation, as well as ACL healing of the affected knee at 2 years after operation, were observed and compared between the 2 groups. The graft synovial coverage was evaluated by secondary arthroscopy in some cases.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (38.5±8.4) months. No surgical site infection or knee stiffness occurred in the 2 groups after operation, and 2 patients in each group developed intermuscular venous thrombosis at a lower limb. There was no significant difference in operation time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in Tenger score [(6.3±1.6) points versus (4.7±1.7) points], Lysholm score [(93.4±4.2) points versus (85.9±4.3) points] and IKDC subjective score [(89.1±2.9) points versus (81.2±2.9) points] between group A and group B at 1 year after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Tenger score, Lysholm score or IKDC subjective score between the 2 groups at 2 years after operation ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in side-to-side difference in relaxation between the 2 groups at 1 year or 2 years after operation ( P>0.05). MRI evaluation at 2 years after operation showed no recurrent rupture or no sign of impingement between the graft and the intercondylar fossa in either group. Conventional secondary arthroscopy for 2 patients in group A and 3 patients in group B revealed better synovial coverage in group A. Conclusion:In the treatment of ACL tears of MSTL types I and II, compared with conventional reconstruction to clean the synovial sheath of ACL, autologous hamstring tendon reconstruction with preserved synovial sheath combined with remnant suture can lead to better functional recovery at 1 year after operation, though there is no significant difference in function at 2 years after operation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs; hereinafter referred to as TDSCs/CS hydrogel) on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rabbits. METHODS: TDSCs were isolated from the rotator cuff tissue of 3 adult New Zealand white rabbits by Henderson step-by-step enzymatic digestion method and identified by multidirectional differentiation and flow cytometry. The 3rd generation TDSCs were encapsulated in CS to construct TDSCs/CS hydrogel. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of TDSCs in the hydrogel after 1-5 days of culture in vitro, and cell compatibility of TDSCs/CS hydrogel was evaluated by using TDSCs alone as control. Another 36 adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=12): rotator cuff repair group (control group), rotator cuff repair+CS hydrogel injection group (CS group), and rotator cuff repair+TDSCs/CS hydrogel injection group (TDSCs/CS group). After establishing the rotator cuff repair models, the corresponding hydrogel was injected into the tendon-to-bone interface in the CS group and TDSCs/CS group, and no other treatment was performed in the control group. The general condition of the animals was observed after operation. At 4 and 8 weeks, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the relative expressions of tendon forming related genes (tenomodulin, scleraxis), chondrogenesis related genes (aggrecan, sex determining region Y-related high mobility group-box gene 9), and osteogenesis related genes (alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related transcription factor 2) at the tendon-to-bone interface. At 8 weeks, HE and Masson staining were used to observe the histological changes, and the biomechanical test was used to evaluate the ultimate load and the failure site of the repaired rotator cuff to evaluate the tendon-to-bone healing and biomechanical properties. RESULTS: CCK-8 assay showed that the CS hydrogel could promote the proliferation of TDSCs ( P<0.05). qPCR results showed that the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes were significantly higher in the TDSCs/CS group than in the CS group and control group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes at 8 weeks after operation were significantly higher than those at 4 weeks after operation in the TDSCs/CS group ( P<0.05). Histological staining showed the clear cartilage tissue and dense and orderly collagen formation at the tendon-to-bone interface in the TDSCs/CS group. The results of semi-quantitative analysis showed that compared with the control group, the number of cells, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation, and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group increased, the vascularity decreased, showing significant differences ( P<0.05); compared with the CS group, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group significantly increased ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the number of cells and vascularity ( P>0.05). All samples in biomechanical testing failed at the repair site during the testing process. The ultimate load of the TDSCs/CS group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the CS group ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION TDSCs/CS hydrogel can induce cartilage regeneration to promote rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.
Rabbits ; Animals ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Chitosan ; Hydrogels ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Wound Healing ; Tendons/surgery* ; Collagen ; Stem Cells ; Biomechanical Phenomena

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Objective:To investigate the early clinical effect of fascia lata autograft bridging combined with the long head of biceps tendon transposition for treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tear.Methods:All of 31 cases of massive irreparable rotator cuff tear treated in our hospital from March 2016 to March 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 17 cases (10 males, 7 females) were repaired with fascia lata autograft bridging under arthroscopy (patch group), the average age was 61.47±6.63 (ranging from 51 to 72) and 14 cases (4 males, 10 females) were repaired with fascia lata autograft bridging combined with the long head of biceps tendon transposition (combined group), the average age was 62.57±6.11 (ranging from 53 to 71). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain before operation, at 1 week and 12 months after operation, Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint and American Association of shoulder and elbow Surgeons (ASES) score before operation, at 6 months and 12 months after operation were compared between the two groups. The outcome of rotator cuff healing was evaluated by MRI 1 year after operation.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-27 months (mean 18.33 ±6.8 months). There was no perioperative complication, and there was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The VAS score in the patch group was significantly higher than the combined group 1 week after operation ( t=2.09, P=0.048) , and there was no significant difference in VAS score 12 months after operation between the two groups. Constant-Murley score and ASES score in the combined group were significantly higher than the patch group at 6 months after operation ( t=5.23, P<0.001; t=4.45, P<0.001) , and there was no significant difference in Constant score and ASES score between the two groups at 12 months after operation. Constant score and ASES score in the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation. One year after operation, the MRI of the affected shoulder showed that the incidence of autograft patch thinning (Sugaya grade III) was 52.94%, the autograft patch structure failure rate (Sugaya grade IV and V) was 17.65% in the patch group, the autograft patch thinning rate (Sugaya grade III) was 35.71%, and the structural failure rate (Sugaya grade IV and V) was 7.14% in the combined group. The difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.12, P=0.028) . Conclusion:Fascia lata autograft patch bridging combined with long head of biceps tendon transposition technique for treatment of irreparable massive rotator cuff tear has less pain 1 week after operation and better recovery of shoulder function half a year after operation. MRI showed better patch healing 1 year after operation.

Objective: To explore the clinical application value of mixed reality technology in locating perforator vessels and assisting perforator vessel dissection to harvest anterolateral thigh flaps. Methods: Six patients who needed anterolateral thigh flap repair after resection of oral and maxillofacial tumors were recruited from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021. Before surgery, the CT angiography data of the lower limbs of the patients carrying the calibration points were imported into the data workstation to perform 3D reconstruction of the perforator vessels and surrounding tissues of the thigh, and the reconstruction results were imported into Microsoft HoloLens 2 glasses. During the operation, calibration was performed at the calibration point of the operative area so that the preoperative reconstruction results were superimposed on the operative area through Microsoft HoloLens 2 glasses. The clinical application value of mixed reality technology assisted perforator vessel location and anatomy of anterolateral femoral perforator flap was discussed from six aspects: whether the perforator vessel was reconstructed preoperatively, intraoperative calibration time, whether the actual position of the perforating vessels passing through the fascia lata fulcrum deviated from the preoperative reconstruction result within 1 cm, time required to harvest the flap, and whether the actual route of the perforator vessel was consistent with the reconstruction result, and whether the postoperative flap survived. Results : The position and course of perforating vessels were successfully reconstructed in 6 cases before the operation. The actual course of perforating vessels during the operation was consistent with the reconstruction results. The deviation between the actual position of the perforating points and the preoperative reconstruction results was within 1 cm, which met the requirements of the actual asisting of the anterolateral thigh flap. The average time of flap harvest was (70.50 ± 7.20) min. The average calibration time was (13.33 ± 5.50) min. All flaps survived. Conclusions Mixed reality technology projects the reconstruction results of anterolateral femoral perforator vessels directly into the operative area, which provides a new method for asisting localization and anatomy of anterolateral femoral flap perforator vessels and reduces the possibility of injury to perforator vessels.

Objective:To reconstruct zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary bone defects using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, so as to provide the basis for complicated maxillofacial bone defects.Methods:Five patients diagnosed with in zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary neoplasm in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, who need bone defect reconstruction after surgery. Two different customized prosthesis were fabricated by computer aided design and 3D printing techonology, and the length of orbital floor extension in the customized prosthesis were different: Design 1, 9-10 mm orbital floor extension; Design 2, 10-15 mm orbital floor extension. The clinical outcome were evaluated during operation and matching condition of two different designed prosthesis were carried out after scanning for analysis.Results:The results indicated that the deviation value were 2-3 mm located at fixed structure during clinical evaluaton, and the deviation value were about 1 mm after prosthesis scanning. Finally, prothesis of Design 1 were applied for clinical use, and satisfactory reconstruction contour was achieved in all patients.Conclusions:The results suggest that zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary bone defects reconstruction can be conducted with satisfactory effect using 3D printing technology, and design and fabrication factors should be taken into consideration in complicated structure design with multi-protuberance.