No abstract available.
Hemorrhage ; Metoclopramide

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Metoclopramide* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

No abstract available.
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Humans ; Metoclopramide ; Parkinsonian Disorders

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron* ; Prospective Studies* ; Vomiting*

Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 144 ASA I-II patients, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Group I received 2 ml of plain NSS, group II received lidocaine 40 mg, group III received thiopental 0.5mg/kg and group IV received metoclopramide 10 mg. All pretreatment drugs were made into 2 ml solutions and were given IV with manual venous occlusion of 1 minute. Propofol was administered after release of venous occlusion. pain was then assessed using a four-point scale and face pain scale during propofol injection. Results: 36 patients (100%) complained of pain in the control group compared with 20 (56%), 22 (61%) and 23 (64%) in the lidocaine, thiopental and metoclopramide groups, respectively (p<0.05). there was no significant difference among the 3 test solution with regards to severity of pain. Nor were there any noted complications 24 hours postoperatively on the injection site. Conclusion: Thiopental and metoclopramide are equally effective as lidocaine in reducing pain during propofol injection when used with manual venous occlusion.
Human ; LIDOCAINE ; THIOPENTAL ; METOCLOPRAMIDE ; PROPOFOL ; PAIN MANAGEMENT ; ANESTHESIA

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the antiemetic effects of propofol, ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. METHODS: One-hundred-twenty patients were scheduled for middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). Patients received propofol (0.5 mg/kg), ondansetron (60microgram/kg), droperidol (20microgram/kg) or metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously at the end of the surgical procedure. The assesment of PONV was performed during 3 periods after receiving anesthesia; 0 to 2 hours in the postanesthetic care unit, 2 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours in the ward. RESULTS: The percentage of no emesis during the 0 to 2 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 93% for the those who received propofol, 73% for the those who received ondansetron, 70% for the those who received droperidol, and 70% for the those who received metoclopramide. The respective corresponding incidence during the 2 to 12 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 86%, 66%, 63%, and 63%, and the respective corresponding incidence during the 12-24 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 90%, 66%, 66%, and 66%. No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of propofol is a better antiemetic than ondansetron, droperidol or metoclopramide for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics* ; Droperidol* ; Ear, Middle* ; Equidae ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a distressing adverse effect of anesthesia. This study was designed to evaluate antiemetic effects of metoclopramide, ondansetron and granisetron in middle ear surgery. METHODS: We compared the antiemetic activity of prophylactic administration of metoclopramide, ondansetron and granisetron in 103 patients undergoing middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). All Study drugs were given as a short intravenous infusion 30 minutes before the end of anesthesia. The incidence of PONV were assessed by direct questioning of patients at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr after recovery from anesthesia. RESULTS: For the first 6 hr recovery period after surgery, the percentages of emesis in patients were 46.7%, 16%, 12% and 16% in the control, metoclopramide, ondansetron and granisetron groups respectively. After 6 hr, the percentage of emesis in patients significantly decreased in the control, ondansetron and granisetron groups when compared with the first 6 hr, but in the metoclopramide group there was no changes after 6 hr. CONCLUSIONS: The antiemetic drugs, metoclopramide, ondansetron and granisetron, were all effective in controling PONV in middle ear surgery.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics* ; Ear, Middle* ; Granisetron* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: There have been few studies concerned with the hiccup patients who visit the emergency department. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hiccup patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 60 hiccup patients who visited the emergency departments of Chungbuk National University Hospitals, Chungnam National University Hospital and Chonnam National University Hospital in Korea from January 2005 to December 2007. We categorized the patients into 2 groups of the discharged and the admitted and also into groups of patients who had different types of treatments. We compared clinical outcomes and characteristics of the groups. RESULTS: A total of 60 cases of hiccup patients visited the emergency department from January 2005 to December 2007. There was a significant difference in the recovery rate from hiccups between the discharged group and the admission group (72.4% & 100.0%, p=0.04). The 3 major drugs used for treatment were metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, and benzodiazepine. The patients showed a broad spectrum for the final diagnosis, from the benign hiccups to ischemic stroke in the pons area. CONCLUSION: In this study, the hiccup patients who visited the ED showed simple temporal signs to various severe diseases such as the ischemic stroke in the pons. These findings can be useful reference for the decision making at admission or discharge and for predicting the prognosis of the hiccup patients who visit the emergency department.
Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Decision Making ; Emergencies ; Hiccup ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Metoclopramide ; Pons ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

Pharmacologic treatment of the detrusor hypocontractility(hyporeflexia) remains controversial issues. Clean intermittent self catheterization(CIC) alone, or combination with bethanechol chloride has been generally accepted as treatment modality. Until presently, bethanechol chloride is the only pharmacologic agent commonly used for bladder emptying without significant complication. However, the effectiveness of bethanechol seem to be episodic. The present study compared the contractile response of various pharmacologic agents including bethanechol chloride, ATP, PG E1, E2, F2-alpha on the smooth muscle strips of male rabbit bladder. In addition, effect of the gastrointestinal motility agents such as cisapride and metoclopramide on the contraction of rabbit bladder were assessed. Each bladder was divided into bladder body and bladder base for comparison of pharmacologic effects. FS at basal tension elicited a frequency dependent contraction which was greater in bladder body strips than in bladder base strips. The contractile responses to bethanechol, ATP, PG E1, E2 and PG F2-alpha were greater in bladder body than in bladder base.In the bladder body,magnitude of the contractile responses by ATP and PG F2-alpha were approximately 1/3 of those by bethanechol or FS.PG F2-alpha was consistently more potent to produce contraction than PG E1, E2. ATP induced contraction only consisted of initial phasic rise of tension. The contraction induced by PG developed slower than those caused by bethanechol. Cisapride(10uM) induced weak contractile responses comparable to those by PG E1 Metoclopramide had no contractile effects in this studies. Conclusively, differences exist in the response of the bladder body and base to FS and various pharmacologic agents. ATP, PG E2 and PG F2-alpha exhibited some notable contractile responses to the bladder body that were approximately 1/3 of those by bethanechol. Gastrointestinal motility agents were not shown to be effective in the mediation of contraction of rabbit bladder.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Bethanechol ; Cisapride ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Male ; Metoclopramide ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Negotiating ; Urinary Bladder*