No abstract available.
Mental Disorders*

This study was undertaken in conjunction with a program aimed at promoting community-oriented medical education and introducing community-based mental health care to primary care. The findings of this study will be used in selecting priorities and designing interventions for the community. Attitudes towards mental disorders were studied in an urban community using standardized interviews with key informants The informants were given descriptions of common mental disorders, and they knew an average of two individuals who matched the given descriptions. The primary source of help for physical health problems as well as psychological symptoms was found to be modern health services Traditional healers seemed to be less sought after except in cases of "possession." The most commonly identified conditions were substance-related problems, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Perception of mental illness and their social consequences have been graphically represented as "attitude profiles," where differences in responses to the six mental conditions were elicited. Most respondents showed negative reactions towards psychotic disorders while depression and anxiety garnered more optimistic responses. Epilepsy and mental retardation, although perceived as grave, were believed not to bring about serious consequences.
MENTAL DISORDERS ;

Background: Despite the persistent relevance of mental health in the lives of Filipinos and the long tradition of mental health care in the Philippines, scholarly works on the history of mental illnesses and mental health institutions, particularly during the colonial period, remain scarce. Objective: This paper aimed to explore the various policies implemented by the American colonial government in the Philippines to address issues regarding insanity from 1903 to 1928. Methodology: As a historical inquiry, the paper employed historical analysis in examining sources of data such as archival documents, official reports, bulletins, and statistics produced by the various offices of the American colonial government in the Philippines. Results: Three specific policies were identified – the establishment of the Insane Department at the San Lazaro Hospital in 1904 as a response to the overcrowding and inadequate treatment methods at the Hospicio de San Jose, the Insane Department's adherence to the principles of moral treatment, and enactment of different laws pertinent to insane persons, most notably the Insanity Law of 1912. Conclusion The historical narrative shows that these policies had been used by the American colonial government to showcase their alleged benevolence and preserve public order. It was also demonstrated that the colonizers ultimately failed to develop the Insane Department as a modern insane asylum, as indicated by persistent problems such as overcrowding, lack of proper facilities, and outdated treatment methods.
Mental Disorders

Introuduction: Psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety can have a strong impact on mental health status. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of stress, depression, and anxiety in relation to coping styles among university students. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 and the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory was used. The collected data were analyzed, and descriptive statistics and correlational tests were applied in this study. Results: The majority of respondents were female (n=84). A total of 100 university students aged from 18-44 years old were included in the study. The students were pursuing either a bachelor (n=33), diploma (n=66) or master’s program (n=1). About 26% of the respondents had different grades of stress with 12%, 6% and 8% of respondents experiencing mild, moderate and severe degrees of stress respectively. The results also showed that 33% of the respondents had different grades of depression with 10%, 13%, 5% having mild, moderate and severe degrees of depression respectively. Another 5% had extremely severe depression. As many as 61% of the respondents had different grades of anxiety with mild (8%), moderate (25%), severe (9%) and extremely severe (19%) degrees of anxiety. Stress was associated with venting coping styles (r=0.287; p=0.004), behavioral disengagement (r=0.425; p<0.001) and self-blame (r=0.469; p<0.001). Depression correlated with behavioral disengagement (r=0.383; p<0.001) and self-blame (r=0.375; p<0.001) and correlated negatively with positive reframing (r=-0.221; p=0.027). Finally, anxiety had a significant relationship with behavioral disengagement (r=0.383; p<0.001) and self-blame (r=0.403; p<0.001). Conclusion Maladaptive coping styles such as venting, behavioral disengagement and self-blame have a significant impact on increased stress, anxiety and depression levels among university students.
Mental Disorders

Introduction: The use of assessment tools to measure postnatal mental illness is essential in healthcare settings. However, variations in the types of tools and their reliability in a particular population lead to under-recognition of mental health status in postnatal mothers. The aim of this review is to evaluate the most recent 10 year of research on the validity and reliability of postnatal mental illness assessment tools. Methods: A literature search of studies from online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct was conducted. Results: A total of 59 studies were selected for this review. Several studies utilised multiple assessment tools, and a total of 96 assessment tools were identified and classified into six domains: postnatal blues, postnatal stress, postnatal anxiety, postnatal depression, postnatal psychosis, and postnatal psychological disorder. In this review, EPDS was the most common tool used to identify postnatal depression and anxiety while DASS 21 was the most common tool used to identify postnatal psychological disorder. There is a wide range in preponderance of evidence for the reliability of each assessment tool and there were inconsistencies in assessing the validity of the assessment tools. Conclusion This review provides information regarding some of the main assessment tools currently available to measure postnatal mental illnesses. There were no standardised tools that were used in a particular setting. The results may differ in different population because there are differences in not only languages and dialects, but also cultural and racial backgrounds, which greatly influences their perception and interpretation of postnatal mental illness.
Mental Disorders

This study was conducted on 45 cirrhosis patients with mental disorders in Hospital 103.The result showed that common psychiatric disorders are memory disorders (93.3%), sleeping disorders (88.9%), attentive disorders (84.4%), mood disorders (82.2%), thought disorder (73.3%), and anxiety disorder (48.9%). The scale of memory, attentive and personality disorders in alcoholic cirrhosis patients are higher than in no-alcoholic cirrhosis patients (p<0.001)
Fibrosis, Mental Disorders

The prospective study of clinical features of mental disorder was carried out on 38 patients at age 35-37 having fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis at Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases Department in the Military Hospital N0103 and at the National Hospital of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases. The authors observed that: physical disorder syndromes are diversified: mild fever in the afternoon (92.10%), fatigue (94.7%), loss of weight (92.10%), expectoration (94.7%); cough lasting more than 3 weeks (84.20%); chest pains (57.90%)... Depression and anxiety disorder symptoms are also diversified: hypothymia and loss of appetite (86.80%), insomnia (76.30%), loss of sexual desire (71.10%), and impaired concentration of attention, hypokinesia and exhaustion after minimal effort (60/50%)… phobias (49.90%), worries about future misfortunes (60.50%), panic (39.50%), tenterhooks (44.70%), nightmares (26.30%), illusion (23.68%), misfortune ideations (10.40%), suicidal ideations (7.90%)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Mental Disorders

A study on 76 patients with bronchial asthma, with ages of 44,4+/- 13,4, of which mild asthma, moderate asthma and severe asthma has shown that the depression and reduction of interest, difficulty of concentration, sad, pessimistic, anxiety, perception disorder, impairment syndrome and stress.
asthma ; mental disorders

A study on 10 paranoid schizophrenics with ages of 18-45 who treated by A mitriptyline combined with haldol has shown that the disease was remised and quite well stable in 9 patients of which 3 patients with severe stimulation and intended suicide. There were no cases with reoccurrence of delirium or hallucination or serious stimulation.
Mental Disorders ; Depression ; therapeutics

This research aims to compare the validity of two (2) screening instruments - PRIME-MD PQ and SRQ - in terms of their ability to discriminate patients with psychiatric disorders from those without at the UP-PGH Pain Clinic. This is a cross sectional study 102 of patients evaluated by 3 pain fellow physicians and reviewed by 1 psychiatrist. There was good agreement between PRIME-MD PQ and psychiatric interview (k=0.67) compared to the correlation between SRQ and psychiatric interview (k=0.51). However, with the removal of the item in the SRQ eliciting grandiosity from the "psychotic" items, agreement of the psychiatric interview with the modified SRQ (without item 22) rose to k=0.76. When all items on psychosis were eliminated (SRQ-20), agreement was even better (k=0.79). Both shorter versions of SRQ (Modified SRQ & SRQ-20) were superior to the PRIME-MD PQ in discriminating between patients with and without psychiatric disorders at the pain clinic.
Human ; MENTAL DISORDERS