Objectives:To evaluate the efficiency of packing jaw defects with a composite of coral and bone marrow.　Methods:Twelve patients (9 with jaw cyst and 3 with ameloblastoma) underwent enucleation of jaw lesion and packing with a composite of coral and bone marrow.Repair of the bone defects was evaluated at 1 week,1,6 and 12 months postoperatively by clinical examination and X-ray films.　Results:Wound healing after the operations on 10 patients was uneventful,and definite ossification around the implanted material could be detected at 1 month postoperatively.A lot of bone formation and partial resorption of coral were observed at 6 months postoperatively.Complete resorption of coral and complete bone repair were obtained at 12 months postoperatively.Wound breakdown was observed on two other patients,and the composite had to be removed completely.　Conclusions:A composite of coral and bone marrow may enhances bone healing in jaw defects after cyst or ameloblastoma removal.

Objective: To study stress distribution and displacement by different distract directioos on mandibular corpus with finite element method. Methods:A three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis was established.Von Mises stress as well as the displac ement of gnathion and gonion under different loads were measured. Result s:The stress and displacement were positively related with distract forc e. Von Mises stress primarily accumulated in distracted areas and were higher un der bilateral distraction parallel to the occlusial plane. Gnathion and gonion w ere positively displaced on X and Z axes and negatively displaced on Y axis. Distraction parallel to the mandibular body induced positive displaceme nt of mandible on X and Y axes and negative on Z axis. Concl usion:Transversal displacement to the opposite side is greater during un ilateral distraction, while displacement on the saggittal plane is greater durin g bilateral distraction.

BACKGROUND: So far there is a lack of reliable biomedical evidence about the effects of three-dimensional y (3D) printed porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold loading poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres on the growth and proliferation of cel s, especial y osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE: To construct porous β-TCP scaffold loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres by 3D printing technology and to detect its cytotoxicity. METHODS: Twenty porous β-TCP scaffolds whose aperture was 400 μm were prepared by 3D printing technology. Ten of these scaffolds were randomly selected for loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres, and the others were without any drugs. Then the extracts from two groups were cultured with osteoblasts for 72 hours. Afterwards, cel morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, and the absorbance value was detected using cel counting kit-8 assay. Besides, the relative growth rate of osteoblasts was calculated to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the scaffold. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The drug-loaded scaffold exhibited with moderate size, regular structure and uniform pores. Within 72 hours of culture in the extracts from the drug-loaded scaffold, elongated or fusiform osteoblasts appeared, with less karyopycnosis. Moreover, the drug-loaded scaffold showed slight cytotoxicity, which was classified as grade 1. In conclusion, the 3D-pinted porous β-TCP scaffold loading PLGA/anti-tuberculosis drug control-release microspheres exhibits no obvious cytotoxicity.

Objective To study the antibacterial mechanisms of berberine and try to understand the reasons why bacteria cells difficultly resisted to it. Methods Detecting the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacterial cultures incubated under sub-MIC concentration of berberine, Huanglian, and Neomycin for more than 200 generations, in order to analyze the bacteria resistance. Detecting the binding kinetics of berberine to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Observing the changes in bacterial cell surface structure with scanning electron microscopy. Detecting the Ca2+ and K.+ released from berberine-treated bacterial cells with atomic absorption spectrum. Detection the absorption of methyl-3H-thymine (3H-dT), 3H-uridine (3H-U), and 3H-tyrosine (3H-Tyr) into berberine-treated bacterial cells. Results MICs of bacterial cultures, growing more than 200 generations in MH medium with 1/2 MIC of berberine (BA200) or Huanglian (HA200), did not increase compared to the control, while remarkably increased in MH medium with 1/2 MIC of Neomycin (NA200). In addition, from the culture NA200 it was easy to isolate resistant mutant strains which could grow in MH medium with more than four times MIC Neomycin, but from the culture BA200 and HA200 it was difficult to isolate berberine or Huanglian mutant strains could grow in MH medium with more than four times MIC berberine or Huanglian. The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA, RNA, and proteins illustrated that berberine could easily and tightly bind to DNA and RNA, and hardly dis-bind from DNA- and RNA-berberine complexes. Berberine could easily bind to protein too, but also easily dis-bind from berberine-protein complex. The bacterial cells treated with berberine sharply decreased the absorption of 3H-dT, 3H-U, and 3H-Tyr, as the radioactive precursors of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. Berberine could damage bacterial cell surface structure, especially for Gram-negative bacteria. Ca2+ and K+ released from berberine-treated cells increased significantly compared to the control. Conclusion All of above results indicate that bacterial cells could not easily become resistant mutants to berberine. The mechanisms for the bactericidal effect of berberine include: inhibiting DNA duplication, RNA transcription, and protein biosynthesis; influencing or inhibiting enzyme activities; destructing the bacterial cell surface structure and resulting in Ca2+ and K+ released from cells. All of the berberine bactericidal mechanisms are the most essential physiological functions for a live cell, if influenced any one such function, the mutation would be lethal mutation, so that it is difficult to get berberine resistant cells. The results in this paper also prefigure that berberine and its related Chinese medicines would provide a feasible way to control antibiotic resistance problem.

Objective:To explore the correlation among the expression of p53, p21, and PCNA in the negative surgical margin of early laryngeal cancer and its relationship with local recurrence of the cancer. Methods:Data of 92 patients with early laryngeal cancer admitted to the Tangshan Union Hospital from 2004 January to 2010 December were selected. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of p53, p21, and PCNA in the negative surgical margin tissues of cancer. All patients were followed up for two years to observe survival status and tumor recurrence. Results:The expression of P53, p21, and PCNA had no differences in the cancer tissues in terms of grade and stage. Two years after the surgery, 16 of the 92 patients with laryngeal cancer presented recurrence with a rate of 17.39%. The recurrence rates of expression of p53, p21 and PCNA protein in the positive cut edge were 50.00%, 34.21%and 33.33%, significantly higher than those of negative ones (8.33%, 5.56%and 9.68%). The positive rates of the three proteins were higher in the recurrence specimen than in the non-recurrence while there was a significant correlation between expression of PCNA and p21 (P<0.01). The expression of both p21 and p53 in laryngeal carcinoma was also significantly correlated with the negative margin. Con-clusion:The expression of p53, p21, and PCNA in the surgical margin of early laryngeal cancer are valuable biological markers for the prognosis of these patients. Thus, combined detection of p53, p21, and PCNA in laryngeal margin tissues can be used as a predictive in-dicator of the recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the etiololgy and pathogenesis of cholesterol granuloma of the marillary sinus. Method:Five patients with cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary sinus were analysed retrospectively. Result: The cholesterol granuloma was a particular form of tissue reactions of granulation. The clinical symptoms of the disease was short of specificity. Conclusion; The pathogenesis of cholesterol granuloma includes hyperlipemia, obstruction of airfilled cavity ventilation and impaired drainage. The final diagnosis was based on pathologic examination. The treatment should begin with the intervention and treatment of hyperilpemia. Radical cure can be a-chieved by operation.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the bleeding sites and the major blood supply in patients with hidden epistaxis. METHODS The clinical data of 106 patients with hidden epistaxis were studied retrospectively. The bleeding sites and hemorrhagic focus was not found by routine anterior nasoscope examination was defined as hidden epistaxis. The bleeding sites were located and the bleeding was stopped under nasal endoscope. RESULTS The hemorrhagic foci were found in the following sites: 55.7%(59/106)at the top of inferior meatus, 33.0% (35/106)middle turbinate and the top of middle meatus, 9.4%(10/106)olfactory cleft and the nasal septum, and 1.9%(2/106)unknown. The bleeding sites were found and the bleeding was stopped with radiofrequency under nasal endoscope in 104 cases. Bleeding was stopped by treatment once in 102 cases(96.2%)and treatment twice in 2 cases(1.9%). All the patients were followed up for over one month without recurrence and the cure rate was 98.1%. Bleeding sites were not found in 2 cases because of heavy damage of the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSION ①The majority of hidden epistaxis is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery. ②To find the bleeding sites and stop the bleeding in hidden epistaxis patients under nasal endoscope using radiofrequency is effective, minimally invasive and worth of clinic application extensively.

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by intrauterine distress in fetal rats.Methods Eighty mature fetal rats weighing 4.52-4.81 g were randomly divided into four groups (n =20):sham opera-tion group(group S),PHCD control group (group S+ P),cerebral IR group (group IR),PHCD treatment group(group IR+P).Fetal rat intrauterine distress model was set up by clamping bilateral uterine horn vessels of pregnant rats.PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus at 30 min before intrauterine distress model was set up in group IR+P,the same volume saline was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus before shame operation in group S,the same volume PHCD was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus before shame operation in group S+P.Fetal rats were decapitated at 12 h after the reperfusion,the peripheral blood of fetal rats was detected by blood gas analysis (including PH, PaO 2 ,PaCO 2 ,Lac);the infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction were detected by TTC stai-ning;pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by HE staining;the TNF-α,IL-6 content in the brain were detected by ELISA;the expression of NF-κB mRNA was detected by quantitative Real-time PCR,the expression of NF-κB p65 protein was detected by Western-blotting.Results The blood PH,PaO 2 in group IR and IR+P were lower than group S and S+P,the blood PH,PaO 2 in group IR+P was higher than group IR.Compared with group S and group S+P,the blood PaCO 2 , Lac,the infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction,the concentration of TNF-αand IL-6,the ex-pression of NF-κB mRNA and protein were significantly increased in group IR and IR+P (P <0.05), and those in group IR+P were lower than group IR (P <0.05 ).The pathological changes in brain tissue were significantly attenuated in group IR + P (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCDcouldattenuatecerebralischemia-reperfusioninjuryoffetalratsinducedbyintrauterinedistress. ThemechanismscouldrelatetotheinhibitionofNF-κBsignalingpathwayinbraintissues.

Objective To investigate the influence of fixation of both lower limbs with negative pressure vacuum cushion and fixation of both ankles with self-made foam mat on setup errors in radiotherapy for rectal cancer.Methods A total of 12 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled in 2014 and randomly divided into group A (using negative pressure vacuum cushion) and group B (using self-made foam mat).An offline registration analysis was performed for the images of 108 times (A,B group of 54 times) of kilovoltage cone-beam CT (CBCT) before and after treatment.Grey scale translation error registration was used,and the results of registration were analyzed.The setup errors in x-axis (left-right direction),y-axis (cranial-caudal direction),and z-axis (anterior-posterior direction) were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the absolute setup error in the y-axis between the two groups (2.13±0.64 mm vs.2.61±1.17 mm,P=0.399),while group A showed significantly lower absolute setup errors in the x-axis and z-axis than group B (x-axis:1.51±0.28 mm vs.2.70±1.05 mm,P=0.039;with an error rate of 7.41％ vs.42.59％;z-axis:1.10±0.29 mm vs.2.37±0.71 mm,P=0.002;with an error rate of 1.85％ vs.35.19％).Conclusions In the radiotherapy positioning for rectal cancer,fixation of both lower limbs with negative pressure vacuum cushion effectively avoids the translation and rotation of both lower limbs,reduces absolute setup errors,and has higher accuracy than fixation of both ankles with self-made foam mat.