Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet threapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.Methods Databases including PubMed , EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CMB and CNKI were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) and cohort study trials ( CSTs ) about the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet threapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.The literature was screened according to the inclusive and exclusive criteria by two reviewers independently.The quality was evaluated.The data were extracted and meta-analyses were performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results 4 trials were included, of which 2 were RCTs involving 199 patients, and 2 were cohort studies involving 441 patients.Efficacy analysis showed that there were no differences between mono versus dual antiplatelet therapy in terms of 30-day rates of stroke ( OR 0.55 ,95%CI:0.22-1.35 ,P =0.19 ) , myocardial infarction ( OR 1.70 , 95% CI:0.25 -11.65 , P =0.59 ) , and all-cause mortality ( OR 0.77 , 95% CI:0.40 -1.49 , P =0.44 ) .Safety analysis showed that mono antiplatelet therapy had lower incidence of bleeding events , compared to dual antiplatelet therapy ( OR 0.37 , 95%CI:0.23-0.59,P<0.0001).Conclusions Mono versus dual antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of stroke , myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality after TAVI has similar protective effects .Mono antiplatelet threapy presents lower bleeding event rate .Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies , the above conclusions need to be verified by more high quality studies .

BACKGROUND:A lot of work has been carried out on the development of the primary cultured rat myocardial cel s at home and abroad. The primary culture technology of rat myocardial cel s becomes more mature, but myocardial cel s from neonatal mice are not easy to be obtained under the same experimental conditions. The mouse genome has more similarities with the human genome, which has a higher research value. OBJECTIVE:To improve the primary culture method of neonatal mouse myocardial cel s, and to obtain myocardial cel s with high purity, vitality and original structure and function. METHODS:The mouse cardiac tissues were treated using an enzyme digestion method to isolate isolated single myocardial cel s:first, the cardiac tissues were digested using trypsin, and then col agenous fibers were treated with col agenase to isolate single myocardial cel s. The concentration and action time of trypsin and type II col agenase were adjusted, and the pH values of reagents and temperature of each step were strictly control ed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 24 hours after inoculation, the myocardial cel s began to be adherent;at 48 hours, independent pulsation of myocardial cel s could be observed;at 72 hours, myocardial cel s were cross-linked;and at 96 hours, myocardial cel s formed cel clusters and presented with consistent beating. The survival rate and purity of myocardial cel s were both over 95%. This modified method could successful y culture myocardial cel s with high purity and viablility from neonatal mice, and the structure and function of myocardial cel s could be retained. Therefore, it is a feasible culture method.

Objective To assess the effects of low-dose esketamine on the median effective dose(ED50)of ciprofol for anesthesia induction in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods Fifty-nine pa-tients underwent elective painless gastrointestinal endoscopy,26 males and 33 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were divided into two groups by random number table method:esketamine combined with ciprofol group(group EC,n = 29)and ciprofol group(group C,n = 30).Group EC received intravenous injection of esketamine 0.3 mg/kg and group C received the same amount of normal saline 2 minutes before administration of ciprofol.The initial anesthesia induction dose of ciprofol was 0.4 mg/kg.If a positive reaction occurs during the examination,the next patient will receive an increase dose of propofol 0.04 mg/kg,otherwise will decrease by propofol 0.04 mg/kg.The positive reaction was defined that the patient's BIS can not be decreased to 60 2 minutes after anesthesia induction,or the cough or body movement reaction occur at level 2 or above when entering the mirror.The dosage of ciprofol,recovery time,discharge time,the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded.The ED50,95%effective dose(ED95)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of the two groups were calculated by Probit probability regression analysis.Results Compared with group C,the dosage of ciprofol,the incidence of hypotension and frequency of administration of vasoactive drugs during the exami-nation process in group EC were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The ED50 of ciprofol for anesthesia in-duction in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy in group EC was 0.21 mg/kg(95%CI 0.12-0.25 mg/kg)and the ED95 was 0.32 mg/kg(95%CI 0.26-0.39 mg/kg).The ED50 of ciprofol for anesthesia induction in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy in group C was 0.37 mg/kg(95%CI 0.32-0.40 mg/kg)and the ED95 was 0.48 mg/kg(95%CI 0.43-0.54 mg/kg).The ED50 and ED95 of ciprofol for anesthesia induction in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy in group EC was significantly lower than that in group C(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in other frequency of adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion Esketamine 0.3 mg/kg can reduce the ED50 of ciprofol in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy and reduce the dosage of ciprofol during the examination process,which is safe for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy with stable intraoperative circulation.

Objective:To investigate the reproducibility of left ventricular strain assessed by CT feature tracking(CT-FT) and its correlation and agreement with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).Methods:Thirty outpatients with suspected coronary heart disease who underwent whole cardiac cycle coronary CTA and transthoracic echocardiography within one week were prospectively enrolled in November 2019. Left ventricular volume and strain parameters were measured by CT-FT and STE, including left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain(GLS), global radial strain (GRS),and global circumferential strain(GCS). GLS included endocardial global longitudinal strain (EndoGLS) and myocardial global longitudinal strain (MyoGLS), GCS included endocardial global circumferential strain (EndoGCS) and myocardial global circumferential strain (MyoGCS). ICC was used to evaluate intra-and inter-observer differences in strain measured by CT-FT. The differences of measurements between CT-FT and STE were compared by paired-samples t test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between CT-FT and STE measurements. Agreement between measurements of two modalities was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. Results:There was a good consistency in EDV, ESV, EF, EndoGLS, MyoGLS, GRS, EndoGCS and MyoGCS measured by CT-FT between intra-and inter-observer (ICC was 0.775-0.964, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in EF measured by CT-FT and STE [(60.27±8.70) % and (61.22±5.64) %, P=0.443]. EndoGLS, MyoGLS, GRS and MyoGCS measured by CT-FT were (-20.47±4.01)%, (-18.06±3.75)%, (73.90±20.58) % and (-18.48±3.65)%, respectively, while the strain measured by STE were (-18.97±3.33)%, (-16.49±2.60)%, (18.56±3.06)% and (-20.26±4.45)%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between CT-FT and STE ( t=-2.367, -2.945, 12.161, 2.459, P<0.05). The EndoGCS measured by CT-FT and STE were (-27.78±6.66)% and (-29.18±7.24)%, respectively, with no statistical significance ( P=0.223).The correlation coefficients of EndoGLS, MyoGLS, GRS, EndoGCS and MyoGCS measured by CT-FT and STE were 0.566, 0.629, 0.509, 0.606 and 0.539, respectively ( P<0.05). The average difference of EndoGLS, MyoGLS, GRS, EndoGCS and MyoGCS measured by CT-FT and STE was -1.5%, -1.6%, 55.3%, 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively, with 95% limits of agreement was -8.3%-5.3%, -7.3%-4.2%, 18.1%-92.5%, -10.7%-13.6% and -6.0%-9.5%, respectively. Conclusions:The left ventricular global strain evaluated by CT-FT was feasible, and the agreement of global strain between CT-FT and STE was good but not interchangeable. CT can be an alternative method for "one-stop" evaluation of cardiac anatomy and function in patients with poor echogenic windows and contraindications for MRI.

Objective: Conebeam CT (CBCT) was used to measure the palatine between the maxillary first and second molars. The proximal and distal palatal widths of the maxillary first and second molar and the palatal mucosal thickness and bone tissue thickness when microscrew implant anchorage nail were implanted at different angles provided a reference for the clinical selection of microscrew implant placement. Methods: The image data of 90 adult patients were selected as the research object, and the jaw bone was reconstructed by scanning. In maxillary palatine, selection of distances at 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, and 18 mm from the palatal apex of maxillary first molar between the maxillary first and second molar were used as measurement, measured the proximal and distal palatal widths of maxillary first and second molar and the palatal mucosal thickness and bone tissue thickness when microscrew implant anchorage nails were implanted at 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 90 °. SPSS 26.0 software was used for one-way ANOVA and LSD pair comparison. Results: The larger the angle of the microscrew implant anchorage nail was, the smaller the proximal and distal medial widths between the maxillary first and second molar, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the 90° direction, the proximal and distal medial widths of the microscrew implant anchorage nail were larger in the 60° direction. The greater the angle of implantation, the smaller the mucosal thickness and the greater the bone tissue thickness, and the results showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Compared with the direction of 30° and 45°, the mucosal thickness at the direction of 60° was smaller, and the bone tissue thickness was larger. The higher the position of the microscrew implant anchorage nail, the greater the width of the proximal and distal medial, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the positions 12 and 14 mm from the palatal tip, the proximal and distal medial widths of the microscrew implant anchorage nail were larger. The higher the implant position was, the greater the mucosal thickness and the smaller the bone tissue thickness. The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Compared with the position of 18 mm from the palatal tip of the maxillary first molar, the mucosal thickness was smaller and the bone tissue thickness was larger. Conclusion It is most appropriate to implant microscrew implant anchorage nail at least 10 mm in length in the direction of 60° at the palatal apex 16 mm from the maxillary first molar in palatine between the first and second molar.

Liver diseases cannot be easily detected in the early stage， and although invasive diagnostic methods， such as liver biopsy， are relatively accurate， they tend to have a low degree of acceptance， which greatly limits the improvement in diagnosis and treatment techniques for liver diseases. Therefore， it is of great importance to search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. As an emerging biomarker for liquid biopsy， tRNA-derived small RNA （tsRNA） is abnormally expressed in various liver diseases including viral hepatitis， fatty liver disease， liver injury， and liver cancer， and it can affect the development and progression of liver diseases by regulating the biological functions such as gene expression， epigenetic regulation， and protein translation. This article reviews the origin， classification， and biological function of tsRNA， as well as the research advances in tsRNA as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for liver diseases， so as to provide ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

BACKGROUND: Tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has been reported to be a more accurate estimate of body fat than body mass index (BMI). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of TMI and BMI in identifying hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), abdominal obesity, and clustered cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in 3- to 17-year-old children. METHODS: A total of 1587 children aged 3 to 17 years were included. Logistic regression was used to evaluate correlations between BMI and TMI. Area under the curves (AUCs) were used to compare discriminative capability among indicators. BMI was converted to BMI- z scores, and accuracy was compared by false-positive rate, false-negative rate, and total misclassification rate. RESULTS: Among children aged 3 to 17 years, the mean TMI was 13.57 ± 2.50 kg/m 3 for boys and 13.3 ± 2.33 kg/m 3 for girls. Odds ratios (ORs) of TMI for hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and clustered CMRFs ranged from 1.13 to 3.15, higher than BMI, whose ORs ranged from 1.08 to 2.98. AUCs showed similar ability of TMI (AUC: 0.83) and BMI (AUC: 0.85) in identifying clustered CMRFs. For abdominal obesity and hypertension, the AUC of TMI was 0.92 and 0.64, respectively, which was significantly better than that of BMI, 0.85 and 0.61. AUCs of TMI for dyslipidemia and IFG were 0.58 and 0.49. When 85th and 95th of TMI were set as thresholds, total misclassification rates of TMI for clustered CMRFs ranged from 6.5% to 16.4%, which was not significantly different from that of BMI- z scores standardized according to World Health Organization criteria. CONCLUSIONS TMI was found to have equal or even better effectiveness in comparison with BMI in identifying hypertension, abdominal obesity, and clustered CMRFs TMI was more stable than BMI in 3- to 17-year-old children, while it failed to identify dyslipidemia and IFG. It is worth considering the use of TMI for screening CMRFs in children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Body Mass Index ; Dyslipidemias ; East Asian People ; Hypertension ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis* ; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors