Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

BACKGROUND: If the generative cell DNA of each grade is damaged or mutated, it is possible to transmit to the further generations by means of fertilized ova. As a traditional antiepileptic, the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on so matic cells had been confirmed by many researches, but it is still unknown whether phenytoin sodium has the mutagenic effects on generative cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on human sperm chromosomes. DESIGN: In present study we measured human sperm chromosomes in vitro by means of randomized control observa tion. SETTING: Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS: Phenytoin sodium was purchased from Sigma Company. The human sperms were collected from the healthy males who had not contacted with any physicochemical mutagen within recent 6 months. Ova were collected from female golden hamsters of 6-8 weeks, which were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Family Planning Science. Medium for washing sperms and ova was the BWW solution containing 0.3% human serum albumin (HSA); Medium for capacitation was the BWW solution containing 3.5% HSA; Medium for post-fertilization was an oval one containing 10% hamster serum. METHODS: After washing, centrifugation and capacitation, the sperms were made into suspension and dispended into 5 centrifuge tubes (5 mL each): Bleomycin A5 (40 mg/L) was added in the first tube as positive control group, phenytoin sodium (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) were added in three tubes respectively, another tube did not contain any reagent as blank control. Hamster ova without pellucid zone were prepared, and equally divided into five portions, which were mixed with the above-mentioned sperms in the five groups respectively, so as to make the hamster ova fertilize, finally human sperm chromosomes were prepared with the fertilized hamster ova. The rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages were examined. We examined the rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages. The effects of phenytoin sodium of three different concentrations on human sperm chromosomes were detected in vitro, and the results were compared with those in the positive control group and blank control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The structural aberration of sperm chromosomes, rate of aberrant sperm and number of chromosomal breakages were observed. RESULTS: ① Chromosomal structural aberration: The structural aberrations of sperm chromosomes including the chro mosomal breakage, monome breakage, fragments, crossing-over aberration, double centromere and ring-like chromo somes were observed in the phenytoin sodium groups, positive control group and blank control group, especially in the phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group. ② Rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages: The rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages were higher in the phenytoin sodium groups and positive control group than in the blank control group, but there was the significant differences between phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group (P ＜ 0.005, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: Phenytoin sodium has obvious influence on the structural aberration of human sperm chromosomes and may have mutagenic potential to human sperm cells.

In order to meet the health needs of people, China’s health service system needs continuous reforms and adjustments. Health needs, equity and efficiency, quality of service, and the development history and current situation of the health service system are the four main dimensions to be considered during the building process of the system. This paper argues that building a people-centered health service system is the direction, and it describes its connotation from five different aspects, including human care, interrelated interests, primary health care-oriented, continuous integration, and conditions for support. This paper proposes the strategies and paths to build a people-cen-tered health service system, including to promoting the quality of primary health care, integrating health service sys-tems, and strengthening government’s responsibility.

BACKGROUND:Degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients wil appear to have abnormal changes in various cytokines in the serum of the body, which is closely related to patient’s pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: To monitor the changes in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β during the onset of degenerative lumbar scoliosis.
METHODS: Sixty-six patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis were enrolled as observation group, and according to Schwab evaluation system, there were 16 cases of type I, 32 of type II, and 18 of type III. Additionally, 60 healthy persons undergoing homochronous physical examination were extracted as control group. Blood samples were taken at preoperative 1, 2, 3 weeks and at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks to determine serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β as well as to observe the relevant changes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the observation group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β were increased gradualy at 1-3 weeks before treatment, and then showed a decrease trend at 6 weeks after treatment. Compared with the control group, in the observation group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly higher at 1-4 weeks after admission (P < 0.05); the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β were significantly higher at 1-5 weeks after admission (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 reached the peak at 1 week before treatment, and then gradualy decreased. Changes in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β have an important role to assess disease development, which can be used to determine the severity of inflammation based on which we can select the appropriate treatment.

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infection disease in infants and children.The main pathogen of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),which is closely related to the occurrence of asthma.By far,the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis has not yet been fully elucidated.There is also no specific treatment for bronchiolitis.Recent studies have found that mesenchymal stem cells has strong advantages in reducing airway inflammation,airway hyperresponsiveness and airway damage repair and other aspects.This review mainly summarizes the association between bronchiolitis immunological mechanisms and mesenchymal stem cells.

Mutations in CD2AP, mapped to 6pL2. 3 and encoding CD2 - associated protein ( CD2AP), are responsible for autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). CD2AP plays a key role in the slitdiaphragm network of the kidney, which is necessary for the structure and ultrafiltration functions of the slitdiaphragm. The CD2AP homozygous mutation results in early - onset SRNS while heterozygous expression of the CD2AP mutation has increased susceptibility to glomerular injury.No recurrence of proteinuria was observed in the patient with SRNS with CD2AP homozygousmutationafter the renal transplantation. Therefore, detection of the CD2AP gene in the patients suffering from SRNS will be beneficial to making therapeutic decisions and predicting prognoses.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride( CoCl2 ) and inflammation in 3T3-LI adipocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced under standard differentiation process. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with CoCl2 to induce hypoxia. The mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α ( HIF-1 α ), glucose transporter 1 ( Glut1 ), adipocytokines, and inflammatory cytokines, as well as the related signaling pathways were determined with quantitative realtime-PCR and Western-blot in this cell model. ResultsCoCl2 at the concentration of 200 μmol/L significantly up-regulated HIF-1 α and Glut1 expressions. After adipocytes were treated with CoCl2, the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker genes, such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) were markedly increased, adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly decreased, while resistin and leptin mRNA expressions were significantly increased.In addition, the mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin-6, and other inflammatory factors were also increased. The phosphorylation of IκBα,which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB, was stimulated by CoCl2.ConclusionsThe results indicate that hypoxia may induce inflammatory response via NF-κB activiation in adipocytes.

Objective To explore which scoring methods can prevent the ischemic stroke better.Methods 80 padents with atrial fibrillation were randomly divided into two groups,the patients in A group took anticoagulant therapy using CHADS2 score;the patients in B group took anticoagulant therapy using CHADS2-VAS score;follow-up the ischemic stnoke,death and major bleeding event rate.Results 7 cases of ischemic stroke in A group,1 case in B group,the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion According to CHA2DS2-VAS score for risk stratification,anticoagulant therapy was safe and effective,and did not increase bleeding event rate.

Objective: To study the inhibition effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN)on apoptosis and invasion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell line FRH-0201. Methods: ASODN was transfected into cholangiocarcinoma cell line FRH-0201 by LipofectamineTM2000. The level of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of ASODN transfection was observed by Transwell cell culture chamber. Results: The cell proliferation was inhibited in the ASODN group. The expression of MMP-2 in ASODN group was lower than those in the SODN and blank group (P

Four kinds of commonly used injections and four refined components of the tranditional Chinese medicinals as well as one synthetic remedy, CMS or 404, have been studied for the immunoregulatory effects by using in vitro antibody cresponse system of Mishell and Button and by direct hemolytic plaque assay of Jerne. The results showed that among the injection remedies, 0.05-5% Baphica-canthes cusia, Brenk, and Leonurus heterophyllus, sweet, had immunosuppressive effects with little effect on cell viability, while 0.0005% of the former remedy showed immunopotentiation; 0.05-5% salvia miliorrhiza,Bge, had immunosuppresive effect with greater inhibitory effect on cell viability; Gentiana scabra, Bge, had weaker immunosuppressive effect (0.5-5%) with stronger inhibitory effect on cell viability. Among refined components, 0. 1?g/ml of Mangiferin showed immunosuppres-sion with no action on cell viability. Both Emodin monoglucoside and paeonol had weaker immunosuppressive effect (50-100?g/ml) and markedly affected cell viability; Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (PES) showed immunosuppression in higher concentration (500?g/ml) and marked immunopotentiation at lower concentration (0.01-100?g/ml) with no effect on cell viability. A synthetic remedy, carboxymethylated starch (CMS or 404) had markedly immunopotentiating effect at 0.01-500?g/ml with no harmful effect on cell viability. The experiment revealed that in order to induce antibody in vitro, the adherent cells were necessary. Discussions have been made on the role of adherent cells in helping antibody response in vitro, and an evaluation on the advantages and disadvantages of the in vitro tests used for study of immunoregulatory drugs.