1.Application of 5-word test in the screening for cognitive disorder of elderly people
Journal of Practical Medicine 2005;510(4):32-34
Study on 199 people aged 60 years old and more lived au in Ngoc Chau commune, Hai Duong city. Results: 5-word test is simple, easy to understand and and can be done rapidly, with result can be available in less than 5 minutes, so it is seem to be appropriate in screening for early cognitive impairment. The rate of cognitive disorders of elders was 23.1. Cognitive disorders in males were more common than in females, and immediate cognitive disorders and cognitive impairment increased proportionally to the age. However, it’s necessary to perform another tests for people with positive 5-word test (<10 scores) to early detecting cognitive impairment, before doing other paraclinical diagnoses.
Memory Disorders
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Aged
2.Memory Functions in Schizophrenic Patients.
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2004;43(4):407-414
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate memory functions in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: The participants were 45 schizophrenic patients and 27 normal controls. The Rey-Kim Memory Test (RKMT) was used as the testing instrument. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients showed a significantly lower Memory Quotient (MQ) compared with control participants. Their memory impairment was more severe relative to their intelligence impairment. 2) Memory deficits in schizophrenic patients were most pronounced in retrieval phase compared with encoding or retention phase. 3) Both verbal and visual memory were impaired in schizophrenic patients. 4) There were qualitative as well as quantitative individual differences in memory functions among schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: Memory impairment in schizophrenia represents a selective cognitive deficit. Its clinical presentation is similar to 'frontal amnesia' in that retrieval deficit is most pronounced.
Humans
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Individuality
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Intelligence
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Memory Disorders
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Memory*
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Schizophrenia
3.Neural Circuit and Mechanism of Fear Conditioning.
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2011;18(2):80-89
Pavlovian fear conditioning has been extensively studied for the understanding of neurobiological basis of memory and emotion. Pavlovian fear conditioning is an associative memory which forms when conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with unconditioned stimulus (US) once or repeatedly. This behavioral model is also important for the understanding of anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Here we describe the neural circuitry involved in fear conditioning and the molecular mechanisms underlying fear memory formation. During consolidation some memories fade out but other memories become stable and concrete. Emotion plays an important role in determining which memories will survive. Memory becomes unstable and editable again immediately after retrieval. It opens the possibility for us of modulating the established fear memory. It provides us with very efficient tools to improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy and other exposure-based therapy treating anxiety disorders.
Anxiety Disorders
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Memory
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Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
4.Severe Episodic Memory Impairment in a Patient With Clinical Features Compatible With Corticobasal Degeneration.
Sung Kwan KIM ; Kyung Won PARK ; Do Young KANG ; Jae Kwan CHA ; Sang Ho KIM ; Jae Woo KIM
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2008;4(2):94-98
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by asymmetric parkinsonism associated with apraxia, cortical sensory loss, and alien-limb phenomenon. Neuropsychological testing in patients with CBD typically shows deficits in executive functions, praxis, language, and visuospatial functioning, but not in memory. We report a CBD patient with severely impaired memory function but relatively mild motor symptoms. Detailed neuropsychological assessment showed significant verbal and visual memory deficits accompanied by frontal executive dysfunctions. Our observations indicate that CBD can in rare cases present with severe episodic memory impairment associated with frontal executive dysfunctions in the early stage of illness.
Apraxias
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Executive Function
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Humans
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Memory
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Memory Disorders
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Memory, Episodic
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Neuropsychological Tests
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Parkinsonian Disorders
5.Effects of a Memory Training Program Using Efficacy Sources on Memory Improvement in Elderly People.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1170-1180
This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss. word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study).
Aged*
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Aging
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Fruit
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Humans
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Learning*
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Memory Disorders
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Memory*
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Nursing
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Seoul
6.Pure Retrograde Amnesia: Is This Real Organic or Psychogenic?.
Sun Im JIN ; Kee Hyung PARK ; Young Hee SUNG ; Yeong Bae LEE ; Hyeon Mi PARK ; Dong Jin SHIN
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2010;28(3):225-229
Cases showing memory disturbances with isolated retrograde memory without any definitive brain lesions are classified as dissociative amnesia. Improvements in imaging techniques have allowed the organic causes of this disease to be identified in several recent cases. Several studies have diagnosed cases of memory disorders as pure retrograde amnesia (PRA). The patient reported here had no psychiatric disorder and had normal MRI results, but showed hypometabolism in PET that met the criteria for PRA.
Amnesia
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Amnesia, Retrograde
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Brain
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Humans
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Memory
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Memory Disorders
7.A Case of Epilepsy Exhibiting a Severe, Dose-Dependent, Memory Deficit after Zonisamide Administration.
Jong Mok LEE ; Jong Geun SEO ; Sun Young KIM ; Yang Ha HWANG ; Ho Won LEE ; Chung Kyu SUH ; Soon Hak KWON ; Sung Pa PARK
Journal of Korean Epilepsy Society 2008;12(1):52-54
Zonisamide (ZNS) has been proven as a safe, effective, and well-tolerated antiepileptic drug. We report an epilepsy patient who had a severe, dose-dependent, memory deficit after ZNS administration. A 65-year-old man visited our epilepsy clinic due to the occurrence of nocturnal convulsions. Despite the absence of seizures, he developed a severe impairment of verbal and visual memory functions after the increment of ZNS dosage from 200 mg/day to 300 mg/day. We substituted 1,000 mg/day valproic acid for ZNS. His cognitive performances were returned to original levels.
Aged
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Epilepsy
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Humans
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Isoxazoles
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Memory
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Memory Disorders
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Seizures
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Valproic Acid
8.Working Memory Deficits in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia.
Im Hong JEON ; Jong Suk PARK ; Jin Young PARK ; Hye Hyun CHO ; Se Jun KOO ; Eun LEE ; Suk Kyoon AN ; Sun Kook YOO
Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research 2012;15(2):66-72
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether verbal and spatial working memory functions were impaired not only in patients with schizophrenia but also in people at ultra-high risk for first-episode psychosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (M 13, F 12) with schizophrenia (SPR), 21 people at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR)(M 10, F 11) and 19 normal controls (NC)(M 10, F 9) were recruited. The working memory was assessed by using the verbal and spatial n-back test. The working memory load increased incrementally from the 0-back to the 3-back condition. RESULTS: SPR performed significantly lower than NC and UHR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. UHR subjects conducted significantly lower than NC and higher in trend-level than SPR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. These differences were derived from the high working memory load (2-back and 3-back), not from the low working memory load (0-back and 1-back). There was no significant difference between the verbal and spatial n-back test across the three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that verbal and spatial working memory dysfunction may be general rather than differential in terms of stimuli modality, and this working memory deficit may be an important trait factor in schizophrenia.
Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
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Psychotic Disorders
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Schizophrenia
10.Performance of Verbal Memory Tasks in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Duk In JON ; Ki Rip CHUNG ; Chan Hyung KIM ; Hong Shick LEE
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1998;37(5):771-782
OBJECTIVES: Memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia have been well established, but it is still unclear how memory performance changes during verbal learning tasks. This study was designed to assess the pattem of verbal learning and memory performance to test the inefficiency of encoding processes in learning of schizophrenia. METHOD: Subjects consisted of 26 patients with schizophrenia who were unmedicated for atleast seven days and 22 normal controls who were matched for age,sex,and education. Verbal memory and learning were evaluated with computerized tasks composed of three consecutive immediate recall trials, a yes/no recognition test, and a delayed recall trial of a word list. RESULTS: Thepatients with schizophrenia showed significant learning deficits characterized by impaired immediate recall performance and poor learning of a word list. However, both verbal recognition performance and forgetting were comparable in both groups. Word clustering correlated significantly with recall performance. Clustering of patients decreased significantly over immediate and delay recall tasks and showed poor increase during consecutive recall tasks. CONCLUSION: Thest findings indicate that verbal learning and mnemonic strategy are impaired but learned information appears to be preserved in patients with schizophrenia. The results are consistent with the notion that a learning deficit is closely related with impaired encoding precesses in schizophrenia.
Education
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Humans
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Learning
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Memory Disorders
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Memory*
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Memory, Short-Term
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Schizophrenia*
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Verbal Learning