No abstract available.
Breast* ; Mastodynia*

No abstract available.
Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Mastodynia* ; Premenstrual Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastodynia* ; Neuroma* ; Superficial Back Muscles*

Premenstrual syndrome is a common chronic disorder in most women of reproductive age. The main symptoms are depression, anxiety, tension, feeling out of control, and mastalgia. In premenstrual syndrome, the effects of aromatic edible Elsholtzia splendens and Cirsium japonicum were investigated for over 3 months in 30 women participants in their twenties. In the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group, scores of depression and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the Cirsium japonicum capsule treated group. Moreover, instability of the premenstrual assessment form was significantly decreased in the Elsholtzia splendens capsule treated group. Our results suggest that Elsholtzia splendens could be an effective plant material in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Anxiety ; Cirsium ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Mastodynia ; Plants ; Premenstrual Syndrome

This regulatory post-marketing surveillance study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drospirenone (DRSP) 2 mg/estradiol (E₂) 1 mg tablet in Korean postmenopausal women. A total of 4,149 patients were enrolled and the study was conducted at 207 clinical research centers. The patients' source data was collected between November 2006 and November 2012. More than 85% of patients experienced improvement of menopausal symptoms. The most frequently reported adverse events were vaginal bleeding and breast pain; most of the women suffering from these symptoms fully recovered. The incidence of adverse event was higher in patients of younger age (20 to 39 years), in patients with concomitant diseases, previous hormone replacement therapy in medical history, those treated with DRSP 2 mg/E₂ 1 mg for shorter duration (3 years or less) and in patients using concomitant medication. In conclusion, the results from this large post-marketing surveillance study confirm the efficacy and safety of DRSP 2 mg/E₂ 1 mg tablet in Korean postmenopausal women.
Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mastodynia ; Menopause ; Uterine Hemorrhage

To determine the clinical profile of benign and malignant mastalgia in terms of age distribution, geographic location, laterality, pain severity and pattern.

METHOD: This is a 3-year (April 1,2001 until March 31, 2004) retrospective chart review of female patients presenting with mastalgia in a hospital-based government breast center at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City. Malignant mastalgia was diagnosed based on histopathologic findings. Pain severity assessment was based on a numeric scale of 0 to 10. Exclusion criteria include patients without mastalgia as chief complaint, no histopathologic confirmation of malignancy and males. All statistical computations were done using Chi square test with a = 0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 1237 patients (89 percent) had benign mastalgia with an average age of 29.72 +/- 10.96 years and 156 (11 percent) had malignant mastalgia with an average of 48.92 +/- 11.96 years. Patients less than 60 years of age had a statistically significant probability that their mastalgia is due to benign pathology (p < 0.001 at a 0.05). However, for 60 years of age. there is a significant probability that the cause of mastalgia is malignant (p < 0.001). Right-sided mastalgia showed a significant probability for a benign cause (p value of 0.0132). Further, non-cyclical pain pattern significantly connotes malignant mastalgia with p < 0.001. No significant differences were found for geographic location and pain severity.

CONCLUSION: Age above 60 years, right-sidedness and non-cyclical pain pattern are the only significant factors for differentiating whether the mastalgia is due to a benign or malignant etiology.

Benign breast problems, particularly the common one of cyclical pain in young women, can be safely and effectively managed in primary care, can be safely and effectively managed in primary care. This benefits the patient, who is appropriately treated without the anxiety and turnmoil of hospital referral, the GP, who gains job satisfaction, the hospital clinic, which has more time for more needy women, and the NHS, which saves money.
Human ; Female ; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ; STANDARDS ; MASTODYNIA ; BREAST ; BREAST NEOPLASMS

Doxazosin is an adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms that are common in prostatic hyperplasia. To our knowledge, few cases of gynecomastia and mastodynia, as a complication of adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist, have been reported to date; no cases have been reported in Korea. We describe a case involving a 78-year-old man treated for prostatic hyperplasia with 13 months of doxazosin. He complained about unilateral gynecomstia and mastodynia. Five months after the discontinuation of doxazosin, the gynecomastia was significantly improved. This is the first reported case of gynecomastia and mastodynia associated with doxazosin use in Korea.
Aged ; Doxazosin* ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Mastodynia ; Prostatic Hyperplasia

PURPOSE: Rapid progress in the development of communication devices has enabled us to use large amounts of various kinds of medical information, regardless of time or place. Today, in Korea there are many homepages on the web which provide medical information, hospital information, and counseling on medical fields in Korea, but more detailed recent medical informations, better quality control, and a greater variety of communication skills are needed. Methods and RESULTS: We analysed the data on the web from November 1998 to October 1999 about breast cancer clinic. The frequent questions were about breast mass (44%), breast pain (29%), and counseling on breast cancer (25%). The most frequent users were in their 3rd decade (55%), 4th decade (8%), and unknown age cases (23%). The average number of visitors on web was 454 per month. CONCLUSION: In near future, we believe that use of the web as an information source will grow rapidly and the most of the people in Korea will use internet. For that purpose, we should realize that virtual space is a reality, and we should use it as an effective technique for educating the public.
Breast Diseases* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Counseling* ; Internet* ; Korea ; Mastodynia ; Quality Control

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiologic findings of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) using mammography and ultrasonography, and to correlate the radiologic and histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four pathologically proven lesions in 64 patients who were examined between March 2000 and March 2003 were the subject of this study. Mammography was performed in all 64 cases, and ultrasonography in 30. Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the radiologic findings, classifying them as one of four types: mass, microcalcification, other finding, and no detected lesion. At mammography, masses were classified according to their shape, margin, and density and microcalcifications according to their shape and distribution. At ultrasonography, masses were evaluated in terms of their shape, margin, internal and posterior echotexture, ductal extension, and parallelism to skin. Geographic correlation between the radiologic and histopathologic findings was classified as direct, near direct, or remote correlation. RESULTS: Mammography demonstrated 37 cases of microcalcification (57.8%), 14 in which masses were present (21.9%), two in which there were other findings (3.1%), and 11 in which lesions were not detected (17.2%). The "other finding" was ductectasia. Microcalcifications were round in 19 cases, pleomorphic heterogeneous in 16, and branching linear in one. The most common distribution of microcalcification was clustered (29 cases; 78.4%). Masses were oval or round in nine cases and irregular in three, and in seven cases their margin was ill-defined. In 13 cases, the density of the masses was equal to that of breast tissue. Ultrasonography showed that the masses were round or oval in 15 cases and irregular in 14, and that the margin was ill-defined in 16 cases and circumscribed in ten. In 19 cases, the echotexture of the masses was low, and in 20 cases, heterogeneous. Parallel orientation was seen in 25 cases, and ductal extension in 22. Category 4 was the most common final assessed BI-RADS category, found in 75% of cases. Radiologic-histopathologic correlation was direct in 44 cases, near direct in 13, and remote in seven. Clinically, self or clinical examination of the breast revealed no abnormality in 47 cases, a palpable mass in seven, nipple discharge in seven, and breast pain in three. CONCLUSION: At mammography, the most common finding of ADH was clustered round or pleomorphic heterogeneous microcalcifications, and at ultrasonography, illdefined, round or oval, or irregular-shaped, hypoechoic masses with parallel orientation and ductal extension. Clinically, most ADH was incidentally discovered at radiologic examination. In this study, 17.2% of ADH cases were not demonstrated by mammography but were detected at ultrasonography, and for the detection of ADH, the use of this latter modality, alongside mammography, is thus feasible.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Mammography ; Mastodynia ; Nipples ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography