The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of buoyancy on physiological responses during treadmill walking. Six subjects participated in this experiment. The water level was adjusted to the greater trochanter. Normal water (NW) and 1.135 kg/l of specific gravity (high buoyancy ; HB) were set. Oxygen uptake (VO₂), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion were measured during exercise. VO₂ in HB at all walking speeds were higher than those in NW significantly. HR enhanced in HB over the walking speed of 70 m/min significantly. It was clear that the workload of walking in HB increased remarkably over the walking speed of 70 m/min. This suggested that the water resistance acted on the phenomenon of increase of the workload in HB. Furthermore, it was suggested that walking in HB was useful for rehabilitation and therapeutic exercise in the low-speed and for physical training in the high-speed.

Kellmann and Kallus (2011) have developed a scale for evaluating recovery, which is named “The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-76 Sport).” This scale has contributed to the remarkable development of sport psychological studies on recovery and has been translated into various languages in different countries. Moreover, it has been used as an index for providing scientifically derived support for athletes participating in world championship events and Olympic games. The usefulness of this scale has been empirically supported. However, a Japanese version of RESTQ-76 Sport has not been developed to date. The Japanese version of RESTQ-Sport 76 was developed, and its reliability and validity were examined as a new index for monitoring in athletes. Participants were university and high school students (N=681, 424 men and 257 women, aged =15-23) participating in athletic clubs and doing sports daily. Cronbach’s α was calculated to examine the internal consistency. Moreover, principal factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to examine the reproducibility of the factor structure, and correlation analysis was conducted with the Japanese version of POMS-S for examining the concurrent validity of the scale. The results indicated that the Japanese version of RESTQ-76 Sport had adequate reliability and validity that was similar to the original version, which supported Kellmann and Kallus (2001). In the future, this scale is expected to be a new index for evaluating the balance between stress and recovery in athletes.