1.Effect of training on dopamine metabolism and appearance of c-fos in rat brain.
FUTOSHI MATSUBARA ; MASAMI YOSHIDA ; MASATOSHI TANAKA
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 1998;47(3):333-338
Changes induced by physical training were examined by in vivo microdialysis monitoring of extracellular dopamine and its metabolites in the rat nucleus accumbens, and by an immunohistochemical staining for fos protein as an index of nerve cell excitation.
The exercise training consisted of running on a treadmill 5 days/week for 4 weeks, with gradually increasing the running speed from 10 to 20 m/min for 20 min. The control group performed forced treadmill running for 3 days.
The sulpiride-induced increase in both dopamine release and dopamine metabolism was significantly attenuated in the nucleus accumbens of training rats in comparison with the controls, which indicated that physical training induced subsensitive DA D2 receptors in the central dopaminergic neurons.
Fos protein expression following 1 h running was weaker in neurons of the raphe dorsalis, the locus ceruleus and the amygdala of trained rats than in those of controls. The present findings suggest that both neurochemical response to various stimuli, and adaptation induced by physical training differ from those in untrained animals.
2.Effects of slightly-weighted shoe intervention on lower limb muscle mass and gait patterns in the elderly
Masahiro Ikenaga ; Yosuke Yamada ; Rikako Mihara ; Tomoe Yoshida ; Keisuke Fujii ; Kazuhiro Morimura ; Masami Hirano ; Koichiro Enishi ; Munehiro Shindo ; Akira Kiyonaga
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2012;61(5):469-477
This study investigated the effects of exercise intervention with a 12-week slightly-weighted shoe on lower-limb skeletal muscle and gait patterns in the elderly. A total of 29 healthy elderly Japanese who had irregular walking habits were randomly assigned to either slightly-weighted-shoe (WS group, n = 14; Age, 70.6 ± 5.7 years; WS, 493 g) or normal-shoe (NS group, n = 15; Age, 69.3 ± 6.9 years; NS, 293 g) intervention groups. The participants were instructed to maintain their normal daily physical activity (PA) during the intervention period. Segmental intracellular water (ICW) and muscle thickness (MT) were measured as an index of skeletal muscle mass in the lower limb, and kinematic gait data were acquired by motion analysis. Walking stability was assessed as a standard deviation of the vertical fluctuation in whole-body center of mass (COM fluctuation). The daily PA was monitored using an accelerometer and an activity record. ICW in the upper leg and MT of rectus femoris increased significantly in the WS group compared with the NS group (ICW: 13.8% vs. 2.2%, MT: 12.1% vs. 1.3%), while COM fluctuation was significantly reduced in the WS group (p<0.05) during normal walking. The present study demonstrated that interventions with a slightly-weighted-shoe may be able to increase muscle volume in the upper leg and change gait patterns in the healthy elderly.
3.Development of education system for medical educationist in Japan: an introduction
Yasuyuki SUZUKI ; Toshimasa YOSHIOKA ; Motofumi YOSHIDA ; Masami TAGAWA ; Hiroshi NISHIGORI ; Takuya SAIKI ; Rika MORIYA ; Hisashi OTANI ; Yoko WATANABE
Medical Education 2009;40(4):235-236
1) Japan Society for Medical Education launched a committee for the graduate education of medical educationists in Japan. The committee proposed a direction toward establishing the system, by way of discussion among the members, needs assessment, information gathering of overseas master courses, and discussion at the open meeting.2) To promote medical education in Japan, we should establish 2 systems concurrently: (1) a graduate education for medical educationists who have a broad base of theories and can lead future medical education, and (2) a broader certificate system for medical teachers who have good practical teaching skills.
4.Questionnaire survey on the development of education system for medical educationist in Japan
Yasuyuki SUZUKI ; Toshimasa YOSHIOKA ; Motofumi YOSHIDA ; Masami TAGAWA ; Hiroshi NISHIGORI ; Takuya SAIKI ; Rika MORIYA ; Hisashi OTANI ; Yoko WATANABE
Medical Education 2009;40(4):237-241
1) The committee for the graduate education of medical educationists, Japan Society for Medical Education, investigated needs for the education system of medical educationists.2) A questionnaire was sent to 1831 leaders in healthcare education and the society members, and 644 replied (recovery rate 35.2%). Fifty % of the respondents agreed the necessity of medical educationists. Certificate level was most popular, however, master and PhD degrees were also considered to be necessary. 3) These results support the establishment of educational system for medical educationists in Japan.
5.Proposals on the development of the JSME accreditation system for medical education expertise
Kazuhiko Fujisaki ; Masami Tagawa ; Takuya Saiki ; Kouki Inai ; Hiroshi Nishigori ; Yoko Watanabe ; Takashi Otani ; Rika Moriya ; Toshimasa Yoshioka ; Motofumi Yoshida ; Yasuyuki Suzuki
Medical Education 2012;43(3):221-231
6.Population based cohort study for Pediatric Infectious Diseases research in Vietnam
Lay-Myint Yoshida ; Motoi Suzuki ; Vu Dinh Thiem ; Wolf Peter Smith ; Ataru Tsuzuki ; Vu Thi Thu Huong ; Kensuke Takahashi ; Masami Miyakawa ; Nguyen Thi Hien Anh ; Kiwao Watanabe ; Nguyen Thu Thuy Ai ; Le Huu Tho ; Paul Kilgore ; Hiroshi Yoshino ; Michiko Toizumi ; Michio Yasunami ; Hiroyuki Moriuchi ; Dang Duc Anh ; Koya Ariyoshi
Tropical Medicine and Health 2014;():-
A population-based cohort study on pediatric infectious diseases was established at Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam in 2006, to determine the etiology and risk factors for severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) such as acute respiratory infection (ARI), diarrhea and dengue which are the major causes of under 5 mortality. A population census survey was conducted in Nha-Trang and Ninh-Hoa to collect demographic, social-behavioral data and disease burden on SPID. The study site covered a population of 353,525 residing in 75,826 households with 24,781 children less than 5 years. Hospital databases from two hospitals covering the region were obtained. Linking the census and hospital databases, we were able to investigate on a variety of SPID such as environmental tobacco smoking exposure and increased risked of pediatric pneumonia hospitalization, population density, water supply and risk of dengue fever and animal livestock and risk of hospitalized diarrhea. To determine incidence, viral etiology and risk factors for pediatric ARI/pneumonia, we setup a population based prospective hospitalized Pediatric ARI surveillance at Khanh Hoa General Hospital, Nha-Trang in February 2007. The study has revealed RSV, rhinovirus and influenza A as major viral pathogens, role of multiple viral infection and its interaction with bacteria in the development of pneumonia. In addition, we are also conducting a birth cohort study to investigate the incidence of congenital infection and its impact on physical-neurological development, and role of host genetic polymorphism on SPID hospitalization in Vietnam. Population mobility, high cost of regular census update and low mortality are the challenges.
7.Population Based Cohort Study for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research in Vietnam
Lay-Myint Yoshida ; Motoi Suzuki ; Vu Dinh Thiem ; Wolf Peter Smith ; Ataru Tsuzuki ; Vu Thi Thu Huong ; Kensuke Takahashi ; Masami Miyakawa ; Nguyen Thi Hien Anh ; Kiwao Watanabe ; Nguyen Thu Thuy Ai ; Le Huu Tho ; Paul Kilgore ; Hiroshi Yoshino ; Michiko Toizumi ; Michio Yasunami ; Hiroyuki Moriuchi ; Dang Duc Anh ; Koya Ariyoshi
Tropical Medicine and Health 2014;42(2SUPPLEMENT):S47-S58
A population-based cohort study on pediatric infectious diseases was established at Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam in 2006, to determine the etiology and risk factors for severe pediatric infectious diseases (SPID) such as acute respiratory infection (ARI), diarrhea and dengue which are the major causes of under 5 mortality. A population census survey was conducted in Nha-Trang and Ninh-Hoa to collect demographic, social-behavioral data and disease burden on SPID. The study site covered a population of 353,525 residing in 75,826 households with 24,781 children less than 5 years. Hospital databases from two hospitals covering the region were obtained. Linking the census and hospital databases, we were able to investigate on a variety of SPID such as environmental tobacco smoking exposure and increased risked of pediatric pneumonia hospitalization, population density, water supply and risk of dengue fever and animal livestock and risk of hospitalized diarrhea. To determine incidence, viral etiology and risk factors for pediatric ARI/pneumonia, we setup a population based prospective hospitalized Pediatric ARI surveillance at Khanh Hoa General Hospital, Nha-Trang in February 2007. The study has revealed RSV, rhinovirus and influenza A as major viral pathogens, role of multiple viral infection and its interaction with bacteria in the development of pneumonia. In addition, we are also conducting a birth cohort study to investigate the incidence of congenital infection and its impact on physical-neurological development, and role of host genetic polymorphism on SPID hospitalization in Vietnam. Population mobility, high cost of regular census update and low mortality are the challenges.