Objective To explore the influence and curative effect of leflunomide combined with ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole on hypercoagulable state in patients with nephrotic syndrome.Methods Ninety-five patients who were the first diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were divided into experiment group (50 cases) and control group (45 cases) by random digits table method.The patients in experiment group were treated with leflunomide combined with ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole,while the patients in control group were treated with leflunomide.The coagulation function and renal function indexes were respectively detected before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the expression level of platelet activation complexes (PAC)-1 in experiment group decreased from (7.33 ± 1.69)％ to (2.58 ±0.97)％,and the expression level of CD62p decreased from (6.15 ± 1.59)％ to (3.18 ± 1.03)％,which were significantly lower than those after treatment in control group [(7.23 ± 1.41)％ and (5.99 ± 1.51)％],and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The prothrombin time in experiment group extended from (10.62 ±0.45) s to (12.88 ± 0.69) s,and the activated partial thromboplastin time extended from (23.33 ± 2.79) s to (30.57 ±3.88) s,which were significantly longer than those after treatment in control group [(11.21 ±0.48) s and (23.46 ± 2.79) s],and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma D-dimer in experiment group decreased from (2.58 ± 1.23) mg/L to (0.89 ± 1.12) mg/L,the plasma fibrinogen decreased from (3.68 ± 1.21) g/L to (1.89 ± 0.74) g/L,which were significantly lower than those after treatment in control group [(2.33 ± 1.22) mg/L and (3.25 ± 1.33) g/L],and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05).The serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and 24 h urine protein levels after treatment in the 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,but the serum creatinine and 24 h urine protein levels after treatment in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [(85.38 ± 18.56) μ mol/L vs.(115.23 ± 20.88) μ mol/L,(1.07 ± 0.38) g vs.(2.57 ± 0.99) g],and there were statistical differences (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The application of the leflunomide combined with ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole has great effects on releasing the hypercoagulable state and improving the renal function of patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ,neuron spe-cific enolase(NSE) ,cytokeratin-19 fragments(CYFRA21-1) ,squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCA)in the lung cancer .Methods By using electro chemiluminescence immunoassay ,the concentrations of CEA ,NSE ,CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were determined in 98 cases of lung cancer and 30 cases of healthy control group ,and the positive rate ,sensitivity ,specificity ,accuracy were calculated .Re-sults In different lung cancer pathological groups ,the concentrations of the 4 serum tumor markers were significantly higher than the control group(P<0 .05) .CEA had the highest diagnostic sensitivity for detecting adeno carcinoma ,NSE had the highest diag-nostic sensitivity for detecting small cell lung cancers ,CYFRA21-1 had the highest diagnostic sensitivity for detecting squamous carcinoma .The combined tests of four serum tumor markers had higher diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy than single test for lung cancers .Conclusion The four serum tumor markers are valuable in the pathological classification ,diagnosis and differential diagno-sis of lung cancer .The diagnostic sensitivity and the accuracy are obviously higher in combined tests .

Objective To discuss the treatment effect of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods From 1992 to 2002,42 cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma invading the laryngotrachea were treated in shanxi tumor hospital.Radical tumor resection were 6 cases,local shaving-off tumor resection were 32 cases and incomplete tumor resection were 4 cases.Some patients received postoperative radiotheraPy.Results In the 42patients,the overall 5-year survival rates were 76.2%(32/42).Conclusion Although well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma invaded the laryngotrachea,the operation can increase the curative effect and the patient's living standand.

60 cases with a history of recurrent respiratory infections were studied The serum levels of immunoglobulin G and A were measured by means of radial diffusion and the results were compared with 41 normal subjectsof the same age. In 23 cases (38. 3%), serum IgA level was below meanvalue-SD. It was remarkably decreased in 8 patients with prolonged pneu-monia(P≤0.05). The serum IgG concentration was elevated above mean va-lue + SD in 14 patients, 8 of whom suffered from bronchitis. There was,furthermore, another group of 7 patients with bronchitis whose IgA levelwas elevated above mean value + SD. The results suggested that deficiencyof serum IgA might be a cause of recurrent respiratory infections andmight give rise to a prolonged course of pneumonia in some patients.

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells plays an important role in the initiation and aggravation in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, restenosis. This article reviewed the progress in the studies on extracellular influencing factors, intracellular signal transduction, cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells and the relative drug research and development.

Objective:To study the insulin resistance and leptin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Body mass index(BMI),serum leptin,fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were assessed in 30 normal women,30 simple obesity women and 41 PCOS women.Results:①The PCOS patients showed higher levels of BMI,serum leptin,FINS,HOMA-IR and low-density lipoprotein,and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein than that in normal control.Compared to simple obesity women,there only showed higher FINS level and lower BMI in PCOS women.②Serum leptin levels in PCOS patients were concerned with BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR and serum triglyceride levels.③There were no significant difference of the FINS and HOMA-IR between normal women and non obese PCOS women,but the obese PCOS women showed higher levels of FINS and HOMA-IR than that in simple obesity women;the serum leptin levels showed no significant difference between normal women and non-obese PCOS women,simple obesity women and obese PCOS women. Conclusion:PCOS patients may have insulin resistance and leptin resistance;There may have regulative effect between leptin resistance and insulin resistance in PCOS patients;There are direct relationship between insulin resistance and PCOS;The rise of serum leptin level in PCOS women may be the assident manifestation of obesity.

AIM:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of baicalin on the atherosclerosis rabbits.METHODS:Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into five groups:normal control group(A group,n=6)and fed with normal diet,atherosclerosis model group(B group,n=6),baicalin therapic group(C group,n=6),bacalin preventive group(D group,n=6),and positive control group(E group,n=6),the last four groups fed with hypercholesterol diet for 12 weeks.Treated with bacalin 300 mg/(kg?d),and simvastatin 5 mg/(kg?d)additionally for 2 weeks in C and E group respectively from the tenth week.Treat with bacalin 100 mg/(kg?d)for 12 weeks in D group.Serum lipids and liver lipids were detected with standard enzymatic assays.Atherosclerotic plaque/intima size ratio of area and NF-?B content in blood vessel tissue were examined.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to monitor the levels of serum TNF-?,IL-1? and Adiponectin.RESULTS:Atherosclerotic plaque/intima size ratio of area decreased in C,D and E group than in B group(P

This paper introduces the principle and parameters of the ophthalmic excimer laser curer. Such aspects are also involved in as the detection method and device for the parameters of the excimer laser as well as the selection of the detection devices.

Objective:To review methodology of medicine price index methodology and provide methodological implications for empirical researches. Methods:Based on the recent original home and abroad researches, the price index formulas, the medicine product definition, price and quantity units were introduced in this paper together with their merit/demerit and different selections’ measurement bias. Results: The measurement results were significantly different along with selections of the different weighted price index formulas. The medicine product definition and the price/quantity units in the formulas were different as well. By taking into account the new products entry and the ol-der ones exit updating issue, and by considering the products quality changes issue can also have an important empir-ical implication for the price measurement. Conclusions:The medicine price index methods need to be deeply devel-oped and the researchers should devote to further research and perform accurate measurement. In the empirical analy-sis, researchers can use different methods to measure the medicine price index in order to more accurately reflect the medicine price level change.

In recent years, with the further study of cell biology and genetics, the role of autophagy in bronchial asthma is becoming more and more obvious. Especially in the aspects of genetic factors, oxidative stress and environment, autophagy regulation may directly affect the occurrence and development of asthma, which may become a new direction of asthma treat-ment. In this review we will discuss what is autophagy, and the relationship between autophagy and asthma.