Hip Fractures ; Aging ; Women

Patch testing has been accepted as the most important investigative technique of assessing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and identifying the contact allergens. The epidemiology of ACD differs in different geographic region as the environmental allergens vary in different populations. In this study 59.8% of the patients had a positive patch test reaction to one or more allergens. The prevalence of ACD was 64.7% in women and 51.4% in men. The commonest causes of ACD were nickel (30.4%), fragrance mix (18.16%) and balsam of Peru (6.73%).

As the rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to increase globally, so does the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, 38% of all adults and 7–14% of children and adolescents have MASLD. By 2040, the MASLD prevalence rate for adults is projected to increase to more than 55%. Although MASLD does not always develop into progressive liver disease, it has become the top indication for liver transplant in the United States for women and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the most common cause of mortality among patients with MASLD remains cardiovascular disease. In addition to liver outcomes (cirrhosis and HCC), MASLD is associated with an increased risk of developing de novo T2D, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia, and extrahepatic cancers. Furthermore, MASLD is associated with decreased health-related quality of life, decreased work productivity, fatigue, increased healthcare resource utilization, and a substantial economic burden. Similar to other metabolic diseases, lifestyle interventions such as a heathy diet and increased physical activity remain the cornerstone of managing these patients. Although several obesity and T2D drugs are available to treat co-morbid disease, resmetirom is the only MASH-targeted medication for patients with stage 2–3 fibrosis that has approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. This review discusses MASLD epidemiology and its related risk factors and outcomes and demonstrates that without further global initiatives, MASLD incidence could continue to increase.

As the rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to increase globally, so does the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, 38% of all adults and 7–14% of children and adolescents have MASLD. By 2040, the MASLD prevalence rate for adults is projected to increase to more than 55%. Although MASLD does not always develop into progressive liver disease, it has become the top indication for liver transplant in the United States for women and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the most common cause of mortality among patients with MASLD remains cardiovascular disease. In addition to liver outcomes (cirrhosis and HCC), MASLD is associated with an increased risk of developing de novo T2D, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia, and extrahepatic cancers. Furthermore, MASLD is associated with decreased health-related quality of life, decreased work productivity, fatigue, increased healthcare resource utilization, and a substantial economic burden. Similar to other metabolic diseases, lifestyle interventions such as a heathy diet and increased physical activity remain the cornerstone of managing these patients. Although several obesity and T2D drugs are available to treat co-morbid disease, resmetirom is the only MASH-targeted medication for patients with stage 2–3 fibrosis that has approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. This review discusses MASLD epidemiology and its related risk factors and outcomes and demonstrates that without further global initiatives, MASLD incidence could continue to increase.

As the rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to increase globally, so does the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, 38% of all adults and 7–14% of children and adolescents have MASLD. By 2040, the MASLD prevalence rate for adults is projected to increase to more than 55%. Although MASLD does not always develop into progressive liver disease, it has become the top indication for liver transplant in the United States for women and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the most common cause of mortality among patients with MASLD remains cardiovascular disease. In addition to liver outcomes (cirrhosis and HCC), MASLD is associated with an increased risk of developing de novo T2D, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia, and extrahepatic cancers. Furthermore, MASLD is associated with decreased health-related quality of life, decreased work productivity, fatigue, increased healthcare resource utilization, and a substantial economic burden. Similar to other metabolic diseases, lifestyle interventions such as a heathy diet and increased physical activity remain the cornerstone of managing these patients. Although several obesity and T2D drugs are available to treat co-morbid disease, resmetirom is the only MASH-targeted medication for patients with stage 2–3 fibrosis that has approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. This review discusses MASLD epidemiology and its related risk factors and outcomes and demonstrates that without further global initiatives, MASLD incidence could continue to increase.

Background: Techniques to accelerate tooth movement have been a topic of interest in orthodontics over the past decade. As orthodontic treatment time is linked to potential detrimental effects, such as increased decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and gingival inflammation, the possibility of reducing treatment time in orthodontics may provide multiple benefits to the patient. Another reason for the surge in interest in accelerated tooth movement has been the increased interest in adult orthodontics.ReviewThis review summarizes the different methods for surgical acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. It also describes the advantages and limitations of these techniques, including guidance for future investigations. Conclusions Optimization of the described techniques is still required, but some of the techniques appear to offer the potential for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and improving outcomes in well-selected cases.

Neck pain presents as a symptom of dull pain or discomfort mainly along the trapezius muscle. Dry needling is an invasive procedure which uses acupuncture needle directed at myofascial trigger points. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling in managing patients with neck pain. A pre-test-post-test interventional study design was used. Patient education package was provided to 32 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) questionnaire was used to assess Rumination, Magnification and Helplessness. Subjective pain intensity was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). These questionnaires were given before and after the dry needling intervention. The findings reported that respondents scored high in pre-test total PCS score (27.41±13.652). Post-test result revealed a significant improvement in total PCS score (23.06±13.938) (p = 0.000). Post-test VAS score (4.78±1.237) was also significantly better than pre-test (6.47±1.414) (p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in pre-test PCS in terms of marital status (p > 0.05) whereas there was significant difference between marital status and rumination in post-test (Z = -2.303, p = 0.021). There was significant difference between pre-test magnification in terms of respondents’ occupation (p = 0.008) and race (p = 0.035) but no significant difference in post-test. Respondents’ age group showed no significant differences between pre-test and post-test PCS and VAS (p > 0.05). In conclusion, patients who received dry needling showed improvement in pain intensity and catastrophizing towards neck pain.
Neck Pain

OBJECTIVES: To determine prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) at the UP-PGH. Secondary: to determine severity of CAD lesions among these patients.

METHODS: This is a descriptive study of adult patients with Congenital Heart Disease who underwent selective coronary angiography from September 1998 to December 2010 at the Philippine General Hospital.

RESULTS: 52 adult patients with CHD underwent CA, Ten (19%) had angiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis visually. Significant CAD was found in 11.5% (n=6), all patients being ≥ 40 years old (mean age 54 ± 7.9 years; range 47 -61); 4 (66%) are female; Five (83%) have documented traditional CVD risk factors, mostly hypertensive (33%). None with significant CAD had cyanosis, 4 patients (66%) have typical chest pain. Majority of CHD's were simple (61%), mostly atrial septal defects (36%). Four (n=4)(70%) patients with Simple CHD, 2 (30%) patients with Intermediate CHD and none of those with Complex CHD had significant CAD.

CONCLUSION: Prevalence of CAD among ACHD patients using CA in this study is 11.5%. This study supports the notion of routine CA among patients with ACHD ≥ 35 years old with traditional CV risk factors. Need for primary prevention of CAD and modification of traditional CV risk factors among these patients is emphasized, as important with the general population.

Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77 (baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation (n = 8), or underwent no radiation (n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112 (nonirradiated) or day 133 (irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker (matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker (CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor (vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was (71 +/- 15)% compared with (25 +/- 12)% in the nonirradiated group (P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.
Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation ; radiation effects ; Female ; Glioblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; Rats ; Rats, Nude