Lymphedema is due to a defect in lymphatic drainage which may be classified as two types; primary and secondary lymphedema. The authors experienced a case of lymphedema of lower lid and conjunctiva secondary to periorbital trauma and scar revision was done to reduce lymphedema. Lymphoscintigraphy was used to evaluate lymphatic obstruction and result was satisfactory for confirming the disease.
Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Drainage ; Lymphedema* ; Lymphoscintigraphy*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Currently, dissection of the axillary or regional lymph nodes is considered the standard staging procedure in breast cancer. However, accumulating evidence is becoming available that the sentinel node concept may provide the same or even better staging information. In the case of melanoma, it is proven that the histoiogical characteristics of the sentinel node reflect the histological characteristics of the distal part of the lymphatic basin. Morbidity can be reduced significantly by the use of sentinel node dissection as several authors have reported successful introduction of this technique into clinical practice. But in breast cancer patients, there are signigicant differences in practice relating to the technology, such as radiopharmaceuticals, injection sites, volume of injectate, combination with vital blue dye, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, etc. Valuable reports on these topics appeared in recent journals. This review is a summary of those reports for nuclear physicians interested in sentinel node detection by lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Melanoma ; Radiopharmaceuticals

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of manual lymph drainage (MLD) during lymphoscintigraphy (LS) in predicting the effect of complex physical therapy (CPT). METHOD: Forty seven patients were included in this study. MLD was done for 30 minutes after one hour LS image was obtained. 24 patients were followed up for 3~6 months. According to one hour LS image, patients were assigned to visible lymph node or lymphatic vessel group (Either group) and invisible lymph node and lymphatic vessel group (Neither group), and also according to LS changes after MLD, good and poor response group. The limb volume was checked before, and immediately after CPT, and at 1 month and 3~6 months after CPT. The treatment response was evaluated by percent volume reduction (PVR). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in volume reduction between Either group and Neither group. Otherwise, good response group showed significantly greater volume reduction after CPT than poor response group. Mean PVR in the good response group was 37.02% immediately after CPT, 41.2% at 1 month after CPT, and 47.4% at 3~6 months after CPT. Mean PVR in the poor response group was 19.22% immediately after CPT, 13.0% at 1 month after CPT, and 5.21% at 3~6 months after CPT. CONCLUSION: LS changes after MLD reflected the effects of CPT more accurately than one hour LS image.
Drainage* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphedema ; Lymphoscintigraphy*

BACKGROUND: In malignant melanoma, the regional nodal status is acknowledged as the most powerful indicator of prognosis. Sentinel lymph node status was formally adopted in 2002 AJCC melanoma staging system. However, there has been no clinical study on sentinel lymph node evaluation, especially using lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe in melanoma patients in Korea. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe for the detection of sentinel lymph node in melanoma patients. METHODS: In eight malignant melanoma patients (7 stage I/II, 1 stage III), a lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc-radiocolloids were injected peritumoral area and the identified first lymph node was considered to be a sentinel node. Once the sentinel lymph node was identified using a hand-held gamma probe for intraoperative mapping, it was excised. And the sentinel node was examined by routine hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stain (HMB45, S-100). RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were identified in 8 patients all using lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe. Nine sentinel nodes were found in 8 patients, and sentinel lymph node biopsies showed micrometases in 5(55.5%). The location of sentinel nodes was that 3(33.3%) were located in axilla, and 6(66.6%) in groin. The case that had melanoma on back revealed dual lymphatic pathway with 2 sentinel nodes on axilla and inguinal area. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma-probe guided sentinel lymph node biopsy is useful for acute staging and prediction of prognosis for melanoma patients.
Axilla ; Biopsy ; Groin ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Melanoma* ; Prognosis ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy*

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node dissection is a new therapeutic strategy of malignant melanoma. There was no clinical study about sentinel lymph node dissection in Korea. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to analyze the results of the treatment of malignant melanoma using sentinel lymph node dissection and to compare sentinel lymph node dissection with elective lymph node dissection. METHODS: History of 9 cases with malignant melanoma(1 case treated with elective lymph node dissection and 8 cases treated with sentinel lymph node dissection) at our institution over 2 years were reviewed. We evaluated the clinical & histopathologic data, status of sentinel lymph node and results of treatment. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph nodes were located within the regional lymph node basins in all 8 cases of extremity melanoma, except 1 case(trunk melanoma). Of 8 cases treated with sentinel lymph node dissection, the number of sentinel lymph node was 11, and positive lymph nodes was 3. Patients with positive sentinel lymph node were treated with therapeutic regional lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy. No further treatment or only interferon administration was done in patients with negative sentinel lymph node. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node dissection using vital dye staining in the diagnosis and treatment of lymph node metastasis of melanoma.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities ; Humans ; Interferons ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Yellow nail syndrome is a rare cause of pleural effusions. This syndrome is characterized by yellow discoloration of nails, lymphedema, and respiratory disorders, including pleural effusion, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. The etiology of this syndrome is obscure, but the pathogenesis seems to be related with impaired lymphatic drainage. We report a case of yellow nail syndrome in a 70-year-old female with the typical clinical findings (yellow discoloration of nails, lymphedema, and chronic pleural effusion) of this disorder and with proven lymphatic obstruction on lymphoscintigraphy.
Aged ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphedema ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Nails ; Pleural Effusion ; Sinusitis ; Yellow Nail Syndrome

PURPOSE: Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy are used in detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients, but standardized technique is not established. We compared the results of the injection the morning of surgery (1 day protocol) with the subareolar injection the day before surgery (2 day protocol) with the subareolar injection in patients with breast cancer having lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 349 patients who underwent the breast cancer operation during 2001-2004. One hundred seventy one patients (1 day protocol, 1 hour) was injected 0.8 ml of Tc-99m Tin-Colloid (37 MBq) by subareolar injection on the morning of surgery. One hundred seventy eight patients (2 day protocol, 16 hour) was injected 0.8 ml of Tc-99m Tin-Colloid (185 MBq) on the afternoon before surgery. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in sitting position and sentinel node localization was performed by hand-held gamma probe during operation. Result: In the 1 day protocol, 153 cases (89.5%) of the sentinel node were localized by lymphoscintigraphy and 150 cases (87.7%) were localized by gamma probe. In the 2 day protocol, 159 cases (89.3%) were localized by lymphoscintigraphy and 154 cases (86.5%) were localized by gamma probe. There was no significant difference in localization of sentinel node between the 1 day and the 2 day protocol by lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe (p>0.05, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference the result of localization of sentinel node with subareolar injection between the 1 day and the 2 day protocol in breast cancer patients. Because the 2 day protocol allows the enough time of performing lymphoscintigraphy, it is more useful in localization of sentinel node in breast cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy has become a standard method for detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients, but the standard radiopharmaceutical was not prepared. About detection of axillary lymph node metastasis by lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patient, we compared the results of Tc-99m Tin-colloid and Tc-99m Phytate by subareolar injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 382 breast cancer patients who were performed operation during 2001-2008. Three hundred forty nine patients was injected 0.8 ml of Tc-99m Tin-colloid (37-185 MBq) by subareolar injection. Thirty three patients was injected 0.8 ml of Tc-99m Phytate (37-185 MBq). Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in supine position and sentinel node localization was performed by hand-held gamma probe in operation. RESULT: Among 349 patients by Tc-99m Tin-colloid, 312 cases (89.4%) localized the sentinel node by lymphoscintigraphy, 304 cases (87.1%) localized by gamma probe. Among 33 patients by Tc-99m Phytate, 32 cases (97.0%) localized by lymphoscintigraphy, 33 cases (100%) localized by gamma probe. Detection rate by lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe was superior for Tc-99m Phytate compared to that with Tc-99m Tin-colloid, with a statistically significant difference. (p<0.05, p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Tc-99m Phytate is a better choice for localization of sentinel node than Tc-99m Tin-colloid in breast cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitriles ; Phytic Acid ; Pyrethrins ; Supine Position