The combination of lecturing and Problem-based Learning(PBL)teaching method is adopted in medical genetis. It is conducive to the development of self-directed learning skills, team skills,and problem-solving skills.

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical application of washed red blood cells in Quzhou in 2014-2015 years,and to provide evidence for the rational and effective use of washed red blood cells in clinical practice.Methods the amount of washed red blood cells,the distribution of diseases and the serological detection before transfusion were analyzed retrospectively in 8 hospitals of grade two and over in Quzhou during the past 2014-2015 years.Results the amount of washed red blood cells in 2015 increased by 39.07％ compared with 2014,an increase of 24.4 times the amount of red blood cells increase,increase mainly in 3 hospitals;Diseases of the blood system,malignant tumors and chronic kidney disease is the main diagnosis of transfusion cases,accounted for 63.49％,19.05％,12.70％.There were different standards for the development of serological testing items before transfusion Conclusion the advantages of washed red blood ceils gradually recognized by clinicians,but also don't rely on experience,hospitals should pay attention to the comprehensive evaluation of clinical blood transfusion and standardize the serological detection of blood transfusion department,which is the key to improve the cost performance of this component.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of CD44v6,P16 protein and the invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinoma and to investigate the correlation between the expression of CD44v6 and P16 protein.Methods Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of CD44v6 and P16 protein in 110 cases of gastric carcinoma.Results In 110 cases of gastric carcinoma,the expression of CD44v6 and P16 protein were 72.7%(80/110)and 47.3%(52/110)respectively. The high level expression of CD44v6 protein and low level expression of P16 protein were positively correlated with the TNM staging,serosa infiltration,lympho node and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma(P

The main pollution of coastal sea is heavy metal and eutrophication,which resulted in degeneration of its eco-function.Pollution of heavy metal is accompanied with eutrophication in sea water.This article studied on copper absorption capacity of several bacteria strains which were isolated from the surface of macroalga Gracilaria lemaneaformis that was cultivated in copper polluted sea.We got 6 strains of epiphytic bacteria from the seaweed,Ochrobactrum anthropi,Aeromonas salmonicida,Micrococcus lylae,Corynebacterium ulcerans,Pseudoalteromonas spp,Vibrio fluvialis.Attained from the experiment of copper biosorption,A.salmonicida had a maximal biosorption capacity among them,and Vibrio minimal.Based on this trail,A.salmonicida,C.ulcerans and Vibrio were selected for next trails included optimal biosorption time,optimal pH value and effect of pre-disposal by several chemical reagents on biosorption capacity.The results showed:optimal biosorption time was between 40 minutes and 60 minutes,and optical pH value 4～5.Pre-disposal by HCl leaded to lost the absorption capacity of A.salmonicida,but was opposite by NaOH and ethanol.For C.ulcerans and Vibrio,the copper absorption capacities were increased by them.

Objective To study the effects of nitroglycerin on leak point pressure of chronic complete spinal cord injury female rats. Methods Models of chronic complete spinal cord injury in female rats were established. Changes of leak point pressure were investigated following nitroglycerin 3 mg intraperitoneal injection. Results Leak point pressure decreased from (32.27±15.00) cmH2O to (23.29±9.46) cmH2O. Conclusion There was obvious descent of leak point pressure of chronic complete spinal cord injury female rats following nitroglycerin intraperitoneal injection.

Objective To study the effects of nitroglycerin on urethral sphincter of chronic complete spinal cord injury female rats in vitro. Methods 30 SD female rats with 3 months old were transected at T10 spinal cord. After 8 weeks, the 10 rats with BBB scores ≤5 were selected as experimental group, and other 10 normal rats as control group. The difference of tension in both proximal segment (urethral smooth muscle strips) and distal segment (external urethral sphincter muscle strips) were surveyed before and after nitroglycerin 0.5 mg administration in bath. Results The tension of distal segment in control group reduced from (640.50±91.79) mg to (597.50±92.61) mg, and from (485.50±68.94) mg to (459.90±69.51) mg in experimental group. The difference between proximal segment and distal segment were (222.30±12.14) mg and (42.00±7.86) mg before and after administration in control group, and were (223.00±15.78) mg and (25.60±5.17) mg in experimental group. Conclusion The administration of nitroglycerin 0.5 mg in bath can reduce the tension of both urethral smooth muscle and external urethral sphincter in both normal and spinal cord injured rats. The relaxative effect on external urethral sphincter muscle of normal rats exceed that of injured ones, but approximate on urethral smooth muscle.

The antibody against AT1-EC2 plays a role in some kinds of inflammatory vascular diseases including malignant hypertension, preeclampsia, and renal-allograft rejection, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In order to investigate the changes of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species in the aorta in a mouse model which can produce AT1-EC2 antibody by active immunization with AT1-EC2 peptide, 15 mice were divided into three groups: control group, AT1-EC2-immunized group, and AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group. In AT1-EC2-immunized group and AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group, the mice were immunized by 50 μg peptide subcutaneously at multiple points for 4 times: 0, 5, 10, and 15 days after the experiment. In AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group, valsartan was given at a dose of 100 mg/kg every day for 20 days. After the experiment, the mice were sacrificed under anesthesia and the aortas were obtained and frozen in liquid nitrogen for the preparation of frozen section slides and other experiments. The titer of AT1-EC2 was assayed by using ELISA. The level of NOX1 mRNA in the aorta was determined by using RT-PCR. The expression of NOX1 was detected by using Western blotting. Confocal scanning microscopy was used to assay the α-actin and NOX1 expression in the aortic tissue. The O(2)∸ production was detected in situ after DHE staining. The mice produced high level antibody against AT1-EC2 in AT1-EC2-immunized group and AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group, and the level of NOX1 mRNA in the aortic tissues was 1.6±0.4 times higher and the NOX1 protein expression was higher in AT1-EC2-immunized group than in control group. There were no significant differences in the level of NOX1 mRNA and protein expression between control group and AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group. The expression and co-localization of α-actin and NOX1 in AT1-EC2-immunized group increased significantly as compared with those in control group, and the O(2)∸ production increased about 2.7 times as compared with control group. There were no significant differences between control group and AT1-EC2-immunized and valsartan-treated group. It is concluded that active immunization with AT1-EC2 can activate NOX1-ROS, and increase vascular inflammation, which can be inhibited by AT1 receptor blocker valsartan. This may partially explain the mechanism of the pathogenesis of inflammatory vascular diseases related to antibody against AT1-EC2.

Aim To investigate whether D-galactose cause osteoporosis and the difference compared with the osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, and to deter-mine whether ovariectomy coupled with D-galactose ac-celerated the progress of osteoporosis and whether es-trogen had a preventive effect on these osteoporosis models. Methods Sixty SPF mice were randomly divided into six groups , namely sham-operated group, D-galactose group, OVX group, OVX + D-galactose group, OVX + D-galactose + diethylstilbestrol group and D-galactose + diethylstilbestrol group. Seventy days later, the right tibia was processed with undecal-cified sections for bone histomorphometric analysis. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, %Tb. Ar, Tb. Th and Tb. N decrease by 50. 4%, 25. 4%, 50. 9% ( P <0.01 ) respectively, Tb. Sp in-creased by 169. 4% (P <0.05), Oc. pm, Oc. No. ,%Oc. S, Oc. N/mm which reflected bone absorption significantly increased ( P < 0.01 ) , and % L. Pm, MAR, BFR/TV, BFR/BV, BFR/BS which reflected bone formation significantly decreased ( P <0.01 ) in OVX group. %Tb. Ar decreased by 30. 4% in D-ga-lactose group, but there was no statistically significant difference. However, the four parameters reflected the bone absorption in D-galactose group increased signifi-cantly ( P<0.05 ) , while the four parameters reflected bone formation decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) . OVX+D-galactose group has obvious performance of osteoporosis, but there was no significant difference compared to OVX group, nor to D-galactose group. Estrogen had significant preventive effect on related pa-rameters of osteoporosis induced by D-galactose and o-variectomy coupled with D-galactose. ConclusionsOsteoporosis model of mice can be established by OVX, D-galactose and OVX +D-galactose. Estrogen can effectively prevent bone loss induced by D-galac-tose and OVX+ D-galactose.

Objective To measure the dimensional error of three dimensional printing maxilla models for the clinical application to oral and maxillofacial surgery.Methods The FDM 3D printing was employed to make standard geometric shape models and maxillary models.After the surface finish of both models being observed,the contour data and fineness of geometric models,as well as the distance error of bony markers between maxillary models and jaw bones specimen were measured.Results Within the 3D printing standard geometric model,the fiber arrange horizontally in X-Z,Y-Z surface and crosswise in X-Y surface,and the accuracy errors range from-1.67％ to 1.47％.Moreover,the maximum resolution was 0.25 mm in X and Y axis,and 0.50 mm in Z axis.Within the maxillary model,the distance error of bony markers range from-0.08 ％ to 1.96 ％,and the mean errors were 1.59 ％,0.86％,0.42％ in X,Y and Z axis respectively.The mean error in X axis was significantly larger than that in Y or Z axis (P＜0.05).Conclusion 3D printing maxilla models may possess high accuracy and apply to clinical practice.

[Objective] To detect the expression of CD137L mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissues and discuss its possible clinical significance.[Methods] To detect the expression of CD137L mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and to analyze the relationship between CD137L expression and clinical features.[Results] The mean level of CD137L mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher than that of adjacent noncancerous tissues (0.035 ± 0.013 vs.0.008 ± 0.005,P ＜ 0.05 ).CD137L mRNA expression in colorectal cancer show no significant differences among different age,sex,tumor location,Dukes classification,histological differentiation,and serum levels of CEA.We selected 8 colorectal cancer tissues and 3 adjacent tissues randomly to analyze the expression of CD137L by immunohistochemistry.CD137L was expressed on tumor cells in colorectal cancer tissues.The expression of CD137L was observed only in colorectal cancer tissues (6/8),but not in adjacent noncancerous tissues (0/3).[Conclusions] The expression of CD137L Mrna in colorectal cancer tissues is higher than that of adjacent noncancerous tissues and CD137 is expressed on tumor cell surface,it might be of biological importance for the progression of colorectal cancer.