Objective To evaluate of the quality of life of the aging population in rural areas of the underdeveloped areas of Chongqing ,and analyze its influencing factors ,provide a reference in order to improve their quality of life .Methods Hierarchical sampling was conducted ,474 rural aging people from Qianjiang District and Zhongxian were extracted ,Adopt second edition of the Life quality evaluation Scale (SF-36) was used to describe its quality of life each dimension of score ,the dimension of physical health and mental health dimensions influencing factors were analyzed .Results Among the total score of 474 Zhongxian rural quality of life of the aging population ,median M (interquartile QR) was 78 .00 (30 .00) ,and the physical health dimension M (QR) score was 75 .00 (35 .00) ,mental health dimension M (QR ) score was 76 .00 (20 .00) .Conclusion Their mental health concerns should be strengthen to improve the quality of life of the aging population the main way .