AIM: To examine the autoantibody against ? 1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to ? 1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac ? 1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against ? 1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the influences of the genotypes,anther developmental stages,and cultural conditions on the efficiency of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in the anthers culture of Bupleurum chinense.Methods The different effects such as four genotypes,plant growth regulators,and temperature condition were compared in the experiments.The histological study was performed with the process of the anther culture.Results The highest inducing rate of embryogenic calli were achieved for the genotypes Zhongcaiyihao(ZCYH),Z4,and Z5 at the early-to middle-uninucleate stages,except for genotype ZPM1 at the tetrad stage.Cold pretreatment increased the production of the embryogenic callus,in which 4-day cold pretreatment improved the production of embryogenic callus from 0% to 2.2% and 5.0% for genotypes ZPM1 and ZCYH,respectively.No embryogenic callus was induced in the medium containing less than 0.75 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D).The highest regeneration rate (34.6%)was obtained in 1/2 MS salts regeneration medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylmaminopurine (BA).The low concentration of BA was able to promote the embryogenic callus formation and subsequent plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis.Chromosome counting of regenerated plantlets showed mostly diploid plant (2n = 12)with only one haploid plant(n = 6).Because of the low rate of microspore embryo formation,we only tracked the process of embryogenesis from the connective tissue,instead of microspore by histological observations.Conclusion This study establishes an efficient system for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration system.This is the first report on the haploid plantlet through the anther culture orB.chinense.

Objective To isolate enterovirus 71 from a death children,and analyze whether the neurovirulence was related to the variation of nucleotide and amino acid. Methods Enterovirus 71 was isolated from throat swabs which were colleted from Shandong Linyi People's Hospital. The full length genome was sequenced by amplification with RT-PCR and sequencing of 9 overlapped gene fragments covering full length of the genomes. The nucleotide and amino acid sequenced was aligned by BLAST, Bioedit and MEGA 4. Results A strain of enterovirus 71 was isolated and named as SDLY107. The full length was 7405 bp. The results of homology analysis of overall nucleotide sequence showed that strain Fuyang. Anhui. P. R. C/17.08/2 had highest homology (98.6%)with strain SDLY107, and the homology was 80.0% between strain SDLY107 with prototype strain BrCr/70,and 86. 5% between strain SDLY107 with nerve strain MS/87. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phylogeny was close between SDLY107 with some isolated strains from Chinese Mainland, such as Beijing, Henan, Guangxi, Sbenzhen, Lanzhou, Fuyang, Chongqing and Zhejiang strains, which was clustered for C4 subtype. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were 2 mutations, E947D and K1873R, for strain SDLY107. Conclusion SDLY107 belonged to C4 subtype, amino acid mutations E947D and K1873R of which may be relevant to the pathogenicity of EV71.

Objective To investigate the status quo of the assurance and subsidy for severe diseases acquired by juvenile in rural areas in Qinghai, and provide evidences for building a subsidy system for such population. Methods Quantitative surveys were made to collect data on medical expenses and the compensation practice for such expenses for severe diseases of juvenile in the area, for a knowledge of the present medication and disease load in question; specialists in two hospitals were interviewed to learn the present treatnents for such a population, and their expenditures in case of such diseases. Results Juveniles in rural Qinghai rely on the new rural cooperative medical scheme, under which however the reimbursement rate was only 26% ～35%. Families with juvenile patients of severe diseases were found to suffer heavy burdens. As a result, a high percentage of the patients give up treatment. To make things worse, as only two hospitals in the provincial capital city can provide professional treatment for children with severe diseases, rural children have to pay heavy indirect costs other than medication such as heavy travel expenses. Conclusion It is critical to build a medical assurance system for juvenile with severe diseases. It is also imperative to build and strengthen the capacity of medical centers for such a population in Qinghai, and upgrade the diagnosis and treatment competence of local health providers, ensuring adequate medical resources for juvenile with severe diseases upon joint development of both healthcare providers and the medical insurance system.

Binzhou Medical University began to launch an experimental class of the clinical medical science in 2012 aimed at the undergraduates only.In this class,the ‘centered on the subject’ teaching mode was transformed into the ‘ organ-systems based curriculum’ or ‘ OSBC’ for short.Under the OSBC,the morphology combined the following three subjects:anatomy,hyphology and pathematology into an organic unity.This new subject pays more attention to the relationship among the morphology' s characters,the functional situation and the change of the pathogenesis.A variety of forms such as combining theories with experiments,the case-oriented teaching,translocation type teaching and bilingual teaching are used.To evaluate the students' performance more comprehensively,and to judge the teaching quality more objectively,the formative and summative assessments are used together.The morphology under this new mode is still on its exploration stage.Though with the shortage of corresponding teaching materials and the qualified teachers,it bears fruit and is feasible.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of an early inflammatory response factor, Rho kinase activity for left ventricle remodeling (LVR) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: A total of 120 acute STEMI patients treated in our hospital from 2010-10 to 2013-06 were studied, all patients were ifrst time received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Rho kinase activity and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured before PCI, echocardiography was conducted at 24 hours and 12 months after STEMI respectively to clarify LVR diagnosis. The patients were divided into 2 groups as LVR group, n=97 and Non-LVR group, n=23, the above indexes were compared between 2 groups.
Results: The level of Rho kinase was higher in LVR group than that in Non-LVR group, P<0.001, after adjustment, Rho kinase was the independent predictor for LVR (OR 3.36, 95%CI 2.01–5.78, P<0.001). The ROC of Rho kinase was 0.88 (95%CI 0.82–0.94) and the ROC of BNP was 0.54 (95%CI 0.41–0.70).
Conclusion: High Rho kinase activity could predict LVR in acute STEMI patients with primary PCI and stent implantation.

Objective To compare diagnostic values of the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) for sonographic malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules.Methods From November 2011 to December 2015,485 thyroid nodules in 331 patients (mean age,42.9 years± 10.4)were included in this study.Characteristics includingsize,composition,shape(nonparallel or parallel),margin,echogenicity,calcifications and extrathyroidal extension of thyroid nodules were evaluated.Every nodule was stratificated by criteria set by TI-RADS and ATA guidelines,and malignant rate of each risk stratification were calculated and analysed.With pathology as the gold standard,different cutoff were taken to diagnose malignant nodules,and the sensitivity,specifity,positive predictive value,negativepredictive value and accuracy of the two methodologies were calculated at each cutoff.And the two methodologies were evaluated and measured by ROC curve.Finally their Kappa value were calculated at the best cutoff.Results Of the 485 thyroid nodules,96 were benign and 389 were malignant.The malignancy rates under TI-RADS category 2,3,4a,4b,4c,and 5 nodules were 0,12.0％ (3/25),22.2％ (10/45),29.8％ (14/47),99.2％ (261/363) and 100％ (101/101).Malignancy rates under ATA guidelines of benign,very low,low,intermediate,and high suspicion for malignancy were 0,12.5％ (1/8),16.1％ (10/62),27.7％ (13/47),and 99.2％ (365/368).There were significant differences inside each patterns (P ＜ 0.01) respectively and high correlation between risk stratification with TI-RADS (r=0.70) and ATA guidelines (r=0.83).Areas under the ROC curve of the TI-RADS and ATA guidelines classifications were 0.966 and 0.959.Best cut-off point for diagnosing malignant by TI-RADS and ATA guideline classifications were ≥ 4c and ≥ high suspicion,and at that point,diagnostic value of TI-RADS and ATA guidelines were nearly the same(sensitivity,93.1％vs 93.8％;specificity,97.9％ vs 96.9％;PPV,99.5％ vs 99.2％;NPV,75.7％vs 79.5％;and accuracy,94.0％vs94.4％),and there was no significant differences (P=0.50,P=0.50,P=0.50,P=0.53,P=0.55),Kappa=0.97.Conclusions Both TI-RADS and the ATA guidelinesprovide effective malignancy risk stratification for thyroid nodules.The diagnosticvalue of TI-RADS when considering ≥ 4c and ATA guidelines when considering ≥ high-suspicion nodules as malignant were nearly the same and both high.

Since 2016, Binzhou Medical University began to carry out the blended learning reform in the organ-systems based curriculum (OSBC) of the experimental class of clinical medicine. Based on the traditional face-to-face teaching method, the blended learning mode of the integrated course of endocrine system under OSBC has been carried out by using the small private online course (SPOC) of MOOC platform of China universities. Many teaching methods have been adopted and formed, including case-based learning (CBL), problem-based learning (PBL), professional bilingual teaching, scientific research teaching and virtual simulation experiment teaching. The evaluation system for the combination of formative and summary assessment has been also adopted in the whole process to assess the students' academic achievement, and the teaching effect as well. The blended learning mode of the integrated course of the endocrine system under OSBC is still in the exploratory stage. There are some limitations, such as too high requirements for teachers' quality, long preparation time for teaching, and great difficulty in supervising online learning. However, the practice of teaching reform that has been carried out shows that it is effective, feasible, and worth popularizing.