Objective: To investigate the current status and related factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention among male college students in Shanghai, so as to provide references for promoting HPV vaccination among males. Methods: From January to February 2025, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 548 male college students in 10 universities from Shanghai for a self questionnaire survey. The survey included socio demographic characteristics, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine beliefs (complacency, confidence, convenience), HPV knowledge level, health status, social support, and information acquisition channels. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent classes of vaccine beliefs, and multinomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of vaccination intentions. Results: The acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal rates of HPV vaccine among college students in Shanghai were 39.4% ( n =216), 35.2% ( n =193), and 25.4% ( n =139), respectively. LCA identified four vaccine belief groups: low complacency high confidence (21.4%), high complacency high confidence (36.1%), low complacency low confidence (18.8%), and high complacency low confidence (23.7%). Multinomial Logistic regression showed that vaccine belief category was an important factor affecting vaccination intentions among college students in Shanghai. Compared with the low complacency high confidence group, high complacency low confidence group had the highest risk of vaccine refusal ( OR =24.80， P <0.05). Medical majors ( OR =0.13), participation in basic medical insurance ( OR =0.37), and recommendations from relatives, friends ( OR =0.39) or healthcare professionals ( OR =0.33) reduced the risk of vaccine refusal among male college students in Shanghai (all P <0.05). The Internet (70.6%) was the main source of HPV related information for male college students, and recommendations from healthcare professionals were associated with more positive vaccination intentions. Conclusions HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal are common among male college students in Shanghai, with significant heterogeneity in vaccine belief structures. Targeted health education based on belief categories should be conducted to improve the vaccination intentions of male college students.

In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have garnered increasing attention in the field of stomatology and have become an established research area in biomedical research. This article reviews the engineering of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and their application in the field of stomatology, in order to provide new ideas for the development of stomatology. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by cells and contain a variety of proteins, RNAs, lipids, and other biomolecules. They are transported through the circulatory system and can interact with other cells to regulate their biological behavior and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In the treatment of oral diseases, exosomes have shown great potential due to their natural biological activity and versatility. However, studies have found that relying solely on the function of natural exosomes may not fully meet the complex clinical requirements. Therefore, the concept of engineered exosomes has emerged. Engineered exosomes can be modified by bioengineering technology to enhance their targeting, allowing them to reach the lesion site more accurately. At the same time, engineered exosomes can also be surface modified or loaded internally to carry specific therapeutic molecules, such as drugs, gene editing tools or signaling molecules to improve the therapeutic effect. In addition, this engineered treatment can also confer greater stability to exosomes, making them better able to resist clearance by the immune system when circulating in the body, extending their half-life, and improving the effectiveness of treatment. Although engineered exosomes have attracted extensive attention in the fields of stomatology and other fields, their application is still mainly in the stage of basic research. To promote the clinical application of engineered exosomes, it is necessary to provide more sufficient evidence of biocompatibility and clarify their therapeutic effect and mechanism.

Objective : To explore the effect and mechanism of CD151 on vascular permeability by regulating vesicle internalization and recycling. Methods: Wild-type mice and CD151 knockout mice were divided into WT-con group, WT-model group, KO-con group and KO-model group, with 6 mice in each group. WT-model group and KO-model group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to prepare sepsis ALI model, and WT-con group and KO-con group were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffer saline(PBS) as a control. 24 h after modeling, pulmonary vascular permeability was measured by Miles test. The siRNA silencing CD151 expression(si-CD151) and negative control si-NC were transfected into EA.hy 926 cells. The permeability of endothelial cell layer to FITC-dextran at different time points was observed under basic conditions and vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A) stimulation conditions. Transcriptome sequencing of endothelial cells in si-CD151 group and si-NC group; the distribution and internalization of CD151 in each group were measured using immunofluorescence. Western blot and real-time quantitative RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of VE-cadherin in si-CD151 groupand other groups. The distribution and internalization of VE-cadherin in each group were measured using immunofluorescence. Results : Miles experiment results indicated that dye exudation in lung tissue of WT-model group was significantly higher than that of WT-con group(P<0.01). The dye exudation in the lung tissue of KO-model group increased compared with WT-model group(P<0.05). The results of endothelial cell layer permeability test showed that the permeability of FITC-dextran in si-CD151 group was significantly higher than that in control group after VEGF-A stimulation for 30, 60 and 120 min(P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing results suggested that CD151 in endothelial cells was closely related to vesicle-mediated transport. Compared with other groups, protein and mRNA levels of VE-cadherin in CD151 knockdown endothelial cells was significantly lower(allP<0.01). The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that after VEGF-A stimulation, the decrease of CD151 expression significantly impaired the expression of VE-cadherin at cell-cell contacts and reduced the CD151-VE-cadherin colocalization in the perinuclear region compared with other groups. Conclusion The absence of CD151 affects the internalization and recycling of endothelial cell vesicles, affects the expression and internalization of VE-cadherin, and then influences vascular permeability.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.