Objective:To study the biomechanical characters of human mandible under compression load and to deduce the constitutive equation.Methods: Specimens taken from five mandible of fresh human cadavers were examined on INSTRON by a group of tensile tests at different strain rates (0.000　5,0.005,0.05 and 0.5 s-1).Bone mineral density of every individual mandible was measured.The effects of strain rate(**),bone mineral density (ρ) on Young'Modulus (E),strength(σu)and ultimate strain(εu) were studied and the constitutive equations were deduced using the following model:Y=aρb**c.Results:(1)σu=216.27ρ1.23**0.055（P<0.01），(2)E(Pa)=5　604.024**0.083（P<0.01）,(3)εu =0.045**-0.045（P<0.01）,(4)σu=1　798.87ρ-1.17**0.083ε0.82（P<0.01).Conclusions:Strain rate and bone mineral density are important factors for the biomechanical characters of human mandible under compression load.Based on the constitutive equations,the stress level,the possibility and degree of mandible injury may be estimated.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DISC1 gene.MethodsThe studied sample consisted of 528 patients with schizophrenia (264 males and 264 females) and 528 healthy controls (264 males and 264 females).Two function SNPs were selected and gcnotyped by Illumina Golden Gate assay.Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls to assess the association to schizophrenia.The clinical features of the hospital first patients were further examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before trcatment with antipsychotics.ResultsTwo SNPs were genotyped in subjects.A significant association was found between rs3737597 and schizophrenia in genotype (387:133:8,350:164:14) and allele frequencies (907:149,864:192,P＜0.05 ).Moreover,the haplotypes,A-A constructed from two SNPs showed significant differences between cases and controls ( P＜ 0.05).For rs821616,there were significant difference in positive syndrome score,delusions and poor rapport between patients with genotypes AA or not.ConclusionThis study describes a positive association between DISC(1) and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population and DISC1 is the susceptible gene in schiz ophrenia.

ObjectiveTo assess the association of rs1344706 and rs4667001 polymorphism of ZNF804A gene with schizophrenia,and the relationship between rs1344706 polymorphism and antipsychotic drug efficacy.MethodsThe studies concerning association of ZNF804A gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and its drug efficacy were retrieved in databases such as Medline and CNKI,and then screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 following quality assessment and data extraction.ResultsEleven high-quality studies under the criteria were included.For rs1344706,T allele frequency was significant higher in the schizophrenia group than control group ( OR=1.13,95％ CI (1.06-1.21 ),P=0.0003).Moreover,for rs4667001,G allele frequency was significant higher in the schizophrenia group ( OR =1.14,95％ CI( 1.04-1.26),P =0.005 ).In addition,the difference of PANSS scores reduction between T allele and GG genotype carriers was not significant in both positive and negative symptoms after four-week treatment,and the same trend of difference was in the comparison between TT genotype and G allele carriers.ConclusionThe data supports that T allele of rs1344706 and G allele of rs4667001 in ZNF804A gene are associated with the susceptibility of schizophrenia,but rs1344706 polymorphism is not related to antipsychotic drug efficacy.

Objective:To measure the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) activation and its mRNA expression in the PBMC,and to analyze the interaction between NF-?B activation and IL-1?,IL-6,TNF-? mRNA expression for exploration the role of NF-?B in production of cytokine in schizophrenia.Methods:Transcription Factor Assay Kits were used to measure NF-?B activation.RT-PCR technique was perftormed to analyze semiquantitatively NF-?B,IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expression in the PBMC in both schizophrenia and control group.Results:NF-?B activation and its mRNA expression in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than in the control group(P0.05).IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expressions in the PBMCs from the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those from the control subjects(P0.05).Conclusion:It is of significance to measure NF-?B activation in evaluating the regulation function of NF-?B.Activated NF-?B plays an important role in mediating the expression of IL-1? and TNF-? gene in schizophrenia.

Objective　To study the biomechanical properties of human mandible under tension load and deduce the constitutive equation. Methods　100 speciments taken from five mandible of fresh human cadavers were examined on INSTRON by a group of tensile tests at different strain rates (0.000 3/s、0.003 0/s、0.030 0/s、0.300 0/s). Bone mineral density of every individual mandible was measured. The effect of strain rate (), bone mineral density (ρ) on youngmodulus (E), strength (σu) and ultimate strain (εu) was studied and the constitutive equation was deduced using the following model: Y=aρbεc. Results　(1)σu=126.36ρ1.880.044（P<0.01）,(2)E=25 170.97ρ0.440.052 （P<0.01）， (3)εu=0.008 8ρ1.89-0.028 （P<0.01）, (4)σu=6 309. 57ρ0.96ε0.0560.80（P<0.01）. Conclusions　Strain rate and bone mineral density are important factors for the biomechanical properties of human mandible under tension load. The results above may modelize and characterize the constitutive relation within small strain rates. From the constitutive equation, we could estimate the stress level of the mandible and assess the possibility and degree of mandible injury.

Objective By analyzing the changes in behavior and the myelin basic protein (MBP) of the offspring in adult that treated with Poly(I∶C) during pregnancy,and to understand the role of white matter abnormalities in the abnormal behavior of the offspring induced by infection in maternal hosts.Methods Two models maternal female rats were given Poly(I∶ C) with 5 mg/kg and 10mg/kg respectively during the early pregnancy,and control maternal female rats was administered 5 mg/kg saline.The prepulse inhibition test,passive avoidance test and active avoidance test were used to evaluate schizophrenia like behaviors for each groups offspring in 8 weeks,and the expression of MBP was detected by immunohistochemical staining methods.Results The results of prepulse inhibition test showed that significant differences of PP2,PP4 and PP8 results existed among control group,single-dose model group and double-dose model group (F=10.381,P=0.001,F=10.313,P=0.001,F=15.233,P=0.000).Compared with the control group,the two model groups showed significantly lower,the double-dose model group was lower than single-dose model group (P＜0.05).In passive avoidance test,there were significant differences of T1 and T2 results existed among control group,single-dose model group and double-dose model group (F=23.555,P=0.000,F=17.524,P=0.000).The T1 results of two model groups were significantly higher than control group,the double-dose model group was significantly higher than single-dose model group (P＜0.05) ; the T2 results of two model groups were lower than control group,the double-dose model group was lower than single-dose model group(P＜0.05).The results of passive avoidance test indicated that significant differences existed among control group,single-dose model group and double-dose model group in whole period of testing and total conditioned response rate(F=8.631,P=0.000,F=6.986,P=0.001),the two model groups were significantly lower than control group,double-dose model group was significantly lower than single-dose model group (P＜0.05).MBP results of two model groups were significantly lower than control group,two model groups had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The adult offspring that were treated with Poly (I∶C) exit abnormal behavior and damaged white matter,and there is a correlation between the degree of abnormal behavior and drug dose.

Objective:By observing the hippocampus 5-HT1A receptor expression, MDA content and SOD activity and the effect of lentinan mouse model of chronic stress behavior,serum TNF-αand IL-6 content.To investigate the mechanism of antidepressant LNT.Methods:Healthy adult mice were 50,male,body weight (20 ±2) g,SPF grade,based on 1% sucrose water partial addicted degrees and were randomly divided into four groups,namely,normal control group (Normal controls,NG),model in the control group ( Model control,MG) ,LNT dose group ( L-LNT,2.5 mg/kg;H-LNT,5.0 mg/kg).Before the experiment began modeling 1 h daily oral administration,continuous administration 28 d, each experimental group administered according 1.0 ml/100 g weight.Application chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression produced,and make improvements.Normal control group,not to stimulate,food and water properly.Model group and the experimental intervention group with the lone support,fasting,water deprivation (24 h),and accept the unpredictable stressors,the 28 d of the experiment,the animals were randomized to receive daily each only one stimulus, within five days after making the choreography the stimulus program was not repeated and unpredictable.Animals were observed daily behavior change,with a strange environment to start feeding feeding experimentally observed incubation period,forced swim stress test record swim immobility time,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum TNF-α,IL-6 content ,NBT assay of total SOD activity,thio-barbituric acid (thiobarbituric acid,TBA) MDA content assay,immune proteins mark (Western blot) to detect 5-HT1A receptor expression levels.Results:MG mice in an unfamiliar environment, feeding latency was significantly prolonged after giving LNT intervention can shorten lead to chronic stress in mice feeding latency in an unfamiliar environment,prolonged chronic stress leads to significantly reduce the stress in mice swimming in water immobility time extension,and 5-HT1A receptor expression enhancing,LNT intervention group increased SOD,MDA content decreased serum TNF-αand IL-6 was significantly reduced,compared with the model group MG indicators above improvements were statistically significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).Conclusion:LNT can significantly antagonize depressive symptoms in mouse models of chronic stress,increased locomotor activity in mice time;LNT increase SOD,MDA content may antagonize the antidepressant effects and mechanisms related to LNT.

Objective To explore the changes of pubescent immune response in the schizophrenia offspring induced by poly(I:C) during pregnancy and the effects on white matter.Methods The obtained pregnant rats were randomly divided into model group(n=6) and control group (n=5), receiving either poly (I:C) at a dose of 10 mg/kg diluted in 0.9％ NaC1 solution or vehicle solution alone (sterile pyrogen-free 0.9％ NaC1) on gestation day 9 (GD9).Immunohistochemical technique(IHC) was applied to detect the changes of microglias and astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) and hippocampus(HC) of partly offsprings in the two groups at the sixth week,as well as Luxol fast blue(LFB) for the changes of white matter.The other offsprings of each group were selected for behavioral assessment at the eighth week.Results The results of prepulse inhibition test showed that PP2, PP4 and PP8 of model groups were significantly lower than that of the control group at young adult(P＜0.01).In passive avoidance test, and the T1 results of model group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the T results of model group were lower than those of control group (P＜ 0.01).Immunohistochemical results indicated that the number of microglias in the model group((264±33)/mm2, (271 ±38)/mm2) was significantly increased in PFC and HC than that in the control group((140±29)/mm2, (169±37)/mm2, P＜0.05) ,which was accompanied with significant morphological changes, while the OD value of astrocyte protein expression in the frontal lobe and hippocampus had no obvious difference between the model group and control group(P＞0.05).The OD value of LFB staining for myelin in the model group(0.29±0.02) was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group(0.33±0.03)(P＜0.01).Conclusion The young adult offsprings with prenatal infection present obvious schizophrenia-like behavior, meanwhile, the microglias activation and demyelination changes in white matter are observed,which provides more evidence for the relationship between immune response and white matter in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response ( SSR) and P300 event-related potentials (ERP) in depression patients. Methods The SSRs and ERPs of 46 depressed patients and 42 normal healthy people were measured. Results Abnormal rates of SSR were observed in 84. 8% of the depressed group (39/46) and 78.3% (36/46) of the controls. Compared with those in the control group, the latency and amplitude of the SSRs were significantly longer and lower in the depressed group. Abnormal ERPs were observed in 89. 1% of the depressed group(41/46) compared with 78. 3% of the controls (36/46). The latency of N2 and P3 and the amplitude of P3 in the ERPs of the depressed patients were longer and lower in comparison with those in the control group. Hence there was a significant difference between two groups. There was a high positive correlation between N2 and P3 latency in the ERPs and the SSR readings in the depressed group, and between amplitude of P3 and SSR, while there was a significant negative correlation between latency and amplitude in the two indexes of P300 and SSR in the depressed group. Conclusion SSR and ERP have remarkable clinical value as diagnostic indexes for depres-

ObjectiveTo analyze the gene expression of neuregulin1 (Nrg1)mRNA and protein in encephalic region and peripheral blood,and to explore the consistency of the expression in central and peripheral in schizophrenia model rat induced by dizocilpine maleate ( MK801 ).Methods30 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( 10 cases per group):model group injected with MK801 (0.6 mg/kg and 100μl/20 g)on the right rear of ventrolateral compartment,control group 1 ( no treatment) and control group 2 injected with equal volume normal saline.Nrg1 mRNA was measured in peripheral blood and in prefrontal lobe by using semiquantitative RT-PCR in 3 groups,and Nrg1 protein was measured in encephalic region (prefrontal lobe,dentate band and hippocamp) by using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThere was significant difference of the amount of Nrg1 mRNA among 3 groups (for center:F=9.141,P =0.001 ;for peripheral blood F =8.389,P =0.001 ),and it was higher in model group ( center:2.08 ± 0.64; peripheral blood:1.43 ± 0.46) than that in two control groups ( control group1,center:1.17 ± 0.42,peripheral blood:0.78 ± 0.39 ; control group 2,center:1.31 ± 0.44,peripheral blood:0.79 ± 0.37 ),but no statistical significant difference existed between two control groups.There was positive correlation of Nrg1 mRNA between center and periphery.There was significant difference of Nrg1 protein in prefrontal lobe,dentate band and hippocamp among 3 groups ( F value was 7.275,21.50 and 4.619,and P value was 0.003,0.000 and 0.019,respectively),and it was higher in model( 7.71 ± 2.55,11.67 ± 1.83and 10.18 ±2.08,respectively)than that in two control groups( control group 1:4.89 ± 1.06,7.53 ± 1.14 and 7.10 ± 2.52,respectively; control group 2:5.31 ± 1.39,8.10 ± 1.60 and 7.81 ± 2.50),but no statistical significant difference existed between two control groups.ConclusionMK801 can effect on the expression of Nrg1 gene,Nrg1 mRNA and protein increase in MK801 model rat,and the change is synchronous between center and periphery.