OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for perfecting the "Regulation of Drug Price Difference" issued by National Development and Reform Commission.METHODS:To review the drug price management course in China,analyze the effects and limitations since the initiation of "Regulation of Drug Price Difference" in 12 hospitals in Beijing and put forward suggestions for its improvement.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:"Regulation of Drug Price Difference" has contributed to the formation of unified and standard evaluation criterion and computation method or even the holistic evaluation system in drug pricing management,the lowering of the costs of human factors and administrative management in drug price management and the improvement of the governmental pricing efficiency.However,efforts should be taken to improve the unreasonable drug price difference coefficient and computation method and so on.

Objective To observe the effect of cluster needling at scalp acupoints plus paraffin therapy on motor function in cerebral palsy patients.Method Forty eligible patients with spastic cerebral palsy were randomized into a control group and an experimental group, 20 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by cluster needling with long-time retaining of the needles plus Uyeda's approach and conventional rehabilitation trainings specifically for spastic cerebral palsy; the experimental group was intervened by paraffin therapy in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The interventions were conducted once a day, for a total of 8 weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were adopted to evaluate the motor function before and after the treatment.Result The GMFM-88 scores were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference in comparing the GMFM-88 score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05). The MAS score was significantly changed after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.05), while the score wasn't significantly changed in the control group (P>0.05); there was a significant difference in comparing the MAS score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional rehabilitation trainings, cluster needling at scalp acupoints plus paraffin therapy can produce a significant efficacy in improving the muscular tension and motor function, and benefit the development of cerebral palsy patients.

Objective To explore the effect of cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training on axonal regener-ation and expression of S-100 protein in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to blank group, sham group, model group, treadmill group and cluster needling of scalp point combined with treadmill group (combination group), each group was further divided into 7, 14 and 21 days subgroups, with 6 rats in each subgroup. The sciatic nerve of rats was clamped in the model group, the treadmill group and the combination group. The sham group was subjected to the same surgical procedure with sciat-ic nerve exposure but without crush injury. Three days after modeling, the treadmill group was treated with treadmill training, and the combi-nation group was treated with cluster needling of scalp acupuncture and treadmill training, while the other groups were grabbed regularly, with no other intervention. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was tested, the condition of axon growth was observed with HE staining, and the expression of S-100 protein was examined with immunohistochemistry at each time point. Results At each time point, SFI was higher, the axon grew better, and the S-100 protein was higher expressed in the treadmill group and the combination group than in the model group (P<0.05), especially in the combination group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training can accelerate the regeneration of axons and increase the expression of S-100 protein and improve sciatic function after sciatic nerve injury.

The researches that stroke was treated by cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the past 10 years were reviewed, noting that it can significantly reduce the dysfunctions in stroke patients, prompting that the cluster needling of scalp acupuncture and modern rehabilitation techniques was combined, was a new method for stroke rehabilitation treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation(Tang's Approach) on depression of stroke patients with motor aphasia.Methods70 stroke patients were randomly divided into the acupuncture with rehabilitation group and the control group. The cluster needle of scalp point with speech rehabilitation training was used in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group, while speech rehabilitation training was used only in the control group. The degree of depression and aphasia were observed in the two groups 4 weeks after treament.Results 4 weeks after the treatment, the classification of aphasia was getting better in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group than in the control group(P＜0.05), and the incidence of depression decreased significantly in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the control group(P＜0.01). The score of Stroke Aphasic Depression Scale (SADQ) decreased significantly in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the control group (P＜0.01).ConclusionTang's Approach may improve the depression of stroke patients with motor aphasia.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage is a serious complication of perinatal asphyxia. Enriched environment is the living condi-tions for the promotion of feeling, cognition and behavior. Enriched environment may promote the repairing of hypoxic-ischemic brain dam-age in term of praxiology, morphology and molecular biology, that enriched environment may regulate the secretion and release of various factors, and enhance synaptic plasticity, induce neuron regeneration, inhibit its apoptosis, and result in ethological and morphological recov-ery.

Cerebral ischemia tolerance was induced by exercise preconditioning, which protected the brain from injury. The detailed mechanism of exercise preconditioning protecting cerebral ischemia injury was complicated, which involving the regulation of multiple tar-get point and multi-path, such as inhibiting cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis in the brain, inhibiting the excessive activation of glutam-ic acid as well as the regulation of inflammation. More mechanisms were still unknown.

Objective To investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on serum level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-6 in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise preconditioning group (n=8), model group (n=8) and sham group (n=8). The middle cerebral arteries were occluded for 120 min and re-perfused. All the rats were evaluated with neurological deficit score 2 hours, 24 hours after I/R. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and the pathology was observed with HE staining 24 hours after I/R. Results The neurological deficit score decreased in the exercise preconditioning group compared with that in the model group, as well as the serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.05) 24 hours after I/R. The pathological damage and interstitial edema alleviated in cerebral ischemia cortical, and the degeneration and necrosis of the neurons in the ischemic area significantly reduced in the exercise preconditioning group. Conclusion Exercise preconditioning may inhibit inflammatory response in I/R rats to protect neurological function from impairment.

Objective To explore the effects of task-oriented training on forelimb motor function and expression of synaptophysin andgrowth associated protein (GAP)-43 in rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was used to induce focal cerebralischemia model in rats with forelimb dysfunction. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group, model group,task-oriented training group and treadmill running group, each group was divided into 4 subgroups by 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d. 24 hours aftermodeling, the rats in task-oriented training group were trained with forelimb reaching and the rats in the treadmill running group weretrained by treadmill, and the model group had no intervention. Motor function of rats was evaluated by net screen test, and immunohistochemistrystaining was used to observed the expression of GAP-43 and synaptophysin in cortical ischemia lesions of the rats in each groupat different time points. Results The scores of behavioral tests were better in the task-oriented training group than in the model group (P<0.01) and the treadmill group (P<0.05) on the 14th and 21st days after modeling. The expression of GAP-43 was higher in the task-orientedtraining group than in the model group (P<0.05) and the sham group (P<0.01) on the 7th and 21st days after modeling. The expression ofsynaptophysin was higher in the task-oriented training group than in the model group (P<0.05) and the sham group (P<0.05) on the 14th andthe 21st days after modeling. Conclusion Task-oriented training can facilitate the recovery of forelimb motor function of rats after focal cerebralischemia, and it may be partially related to the up-regulation of expression of GAP-43 and synaptophysin in peri-infarction cortex.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation(Tang's Approach) on learning and memory and the expression of hippocampus microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in young rats after hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods80 Wistar young rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, model group, scalp cluster acupuncture group, environmental stimuli group, and acupuncture with rehabilitation group, 16 rats in each group. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups on the 14th and 28th days after the model. HIBD young animal model was made by ligating left common carotid artery and inspiring 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen mixture. Learning and memory was observed by Morris water maze, and MAP was observed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe results of the Morris water maze test showed that there was significant difference in ability of place navigation and space exploration in the scalp cluster acupuncture group, the environmental stimuli group, and the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the model group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in ability of place navigation and space exploration in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the scalp cluster acupuncture group and the environmental stimuli group (P＜0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that there was significant difference in the expression of MAP-2 in the scalp cluster acupuncture group, the environmental stimuli group, and the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the model group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in the expression of MAP-2 in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the scalp cluster acupuncture group and the environmental stimuli group (P＜0.05). ConclusionLearning and memory of young rats after hypoxic ischemic brain damage can be improved by Tang's Approach which is possibly related with expression of MAP-2 in hippocampus.