Objective:To investigate the protective effect of ginkgetin from oxidative stress on immature testis induced by cyclophosphamide(CP) metabolite acrolein(ACR) in vitro.Methods:The sertoli cells were isolated from 7-days old SD rats' testes,culture and passage to F2 generations.Experiment groups were divided into: 1)Ginkgetin incubated for 12 hours and then treat with ACR 2) Ginkgetin and ACR add to cells at the same time 3) Ginkgetin and ACR were incubated for 12 hours,then add to cells.Control group include: 1) Vitamin E were incubated cells for 12 hours,then add ACR respectively 2) Added ACR only as the negative control group 3) Not add any factors as the positive control group.3 h later the viability of sertoli cell were determined by MTT.Protein concentration was determinate by Coomassie Brilliant Blue.Malondialdehyde(MDA),hydroxyl radical(OH ?),total antioxidant capacity(T-ACO),Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione reductase(GR) activity were tested.Results:1) Ginkgetin(add before ACR) can significantly raise the viability of the cells(P

Covered in the paper are the overseas practice to formulate DRGs-PPS payment standards,as well as domestic study on expense-based payment standard and on cost-based payment standard.Comparative studies found problems in formulating the present DRGs-PPS payment standard,and recommended to better the clinical diagnosis and treatment norms based on cost data,and explore to develop a normalized DRGs cost accounting method system.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of urinary calculi in children caused by melamine-contaminated milk. Methods Retrospective analysis of 53 cases of urinary calculi caused by melamine contaminated infant milk powder were performed. Clinical characteristics, lab measurements, colour Doppler ultrasound and CT examination results were collected, and the outcome of treatment and prognosis were followed up. Results In the 53 cases, there were 39 males and 14 females. The main clinical manifestations at admission included crying during urination, abdominal pain, hematuria, oliguria and anuria. Urine pH value was low with average of 5. 32 ±0. 25,blood uric acid was high with average of (638. 69 ±36. 25) μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen was high with average of (8. 35 ± 1. 97) mmol/L The colour Doppler ultrasound and CT examination showed calculi in both or one side kidney,or combined with calculi in both or one side ureter,calculi in one side ureter,or bladder calculi. After medical treatment,all calculi were exported,urine pH values increased to 6. 52 ±0. 47,blood uric acid blood and urea nitrogen decreased to (382. 31 ±29. 57) μmo/L and (5. 15 ±1.92) mmol/L No calculi reoccurred within one year of follow up. Conclusions Medical treatment of urinary calculi in children caused by melamine-contaminated milk powder was effective,and there were less stone recurrence after discharge.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have the properties involving high proliferation capability,widely distribution,functional tissue repair after injury,as well as immune modulation,by which bring us extensive therapeutic possibilities.There are plenty of methods for isolation of BMSCs,yet,BMSCs exhibit discrepancies in varied growth stage and culture conditions.Up to now,there has been no agreement about the identification methods for cultured BMSCs.OBJECTIVE:To review the isolation methods and biological characteristics of BMSCs,and to compare the differential expression of BMSCs between in serum and serum-free medium,prior to and after proliferation,as well as before and after induction.METHODS:A computer-based online search was performed using key words of "bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,isolation,culture,induce,marker,and characterization" to find documents published in the database of CNKI (http://dlib.cnki.net/kns50/)or Pubmed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)from January 2003 to June 2009.The languages were limited Chinese and English.A total of 237 literatures were searched by the computer.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive rates of CD44 and CD34 of BMSCs isolated by the whole bone marrow culture were smaller than that of the density gradient centrifugation.However,BMSCs isolated by the whole bone marrow culture were superior to those isolated by the density gradient centrifugation in cell viability,proliferation rate,confluence time,as well as generation time.Other methods for BMSCs isolation had drawbacks of large cost and high requirement of experimental equipments.Following conditions were used to identify BMSCs:cell adherence,cell surface molecule labeling,strong self-proliferation ability,as well as potentials multi-directional differentiation.BMSCs exhibit differential expression between in serum and serum-free medium,prior to and after proliferation,as well as before and after induction.

0.05), but there were significant differences after the operation (P

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of posttraumatic cerebral massive infarction in children. Methods 68 cases were reviewed. Results There were 43 cases complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 37 with brain contusion, 48 with fracture of skull,and the hematoma was subdural in 29 cases, epidural in 16 cases, and intracerebral in 14 cases. Other complications included fracture of limbs (24/68), thoracic or abdominal injury (15/68), and hemorrhagic shock (30/68). The infarction were found mostly in the first 7 d (range 2 h~13 d), and 32 cases within 4~7 d after the trauma. The outcome when discharged (according to the Glasgow outcome scale) was good recovery in 32 cases, moderate disability in 15 cases, severe disability in 9 cases, vegetative state in 4 cases, and 8 cases died. Conclusion The feature of the posttraumatic cerebral massive infarction in children is usually concealed by primary injury. CT and MRI are the bases for diagnosis.The outcome may be better than in the adults when early diagnosis and intervention has been produced.

Minimally invasive neurosurgery techniques developing by leaps and bounds in the past few years,which is to be a great challenge for the clinical teaching of neurosurgery.Based on their own actual,neurosurgery department of the Children's hospital of Chongqing medical university enriched the teaching contents,improved teaching methods and trained microsurgical techniques for doctors at various levels,meanwhile,it strengthened participants'sterile awareness,set good team spirit,developed individualized assessment standards and achieved good results.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute traumatic subdural hematomas (SDH) in infants and discuss the treatment methods. Methods The clinical features of 48 infants under three years old with acute traumatic SDH admitted from 2002 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 31 infants under one year old (65%). The most popular injury cause was accidental fall in 37 patients (77%). Of all patients, 12 patients (25%) had disturbance of consciousness,eight ( 17% ) had convulsion and eight ( 17% ) were combined with skull fractures. The treatment methods included craniotomy and evacuation of the blood clot in 18 patients ( including 13 patients underwent instant operation after admission ), burr hole craniotomy and external drainage of the chronic subdural hematoma in seven and conservative management in 23 with small subdural hematomas. All patients obtained good outcome except that two patients had motor dysfunction and one death. Conclusions The incidence of acute traumatic SDH in infants is high, especially in infants under one year old. It is easy to be disregarded at early stage and may deteriorate to chronic subdural hematoma or hydropsy. Early diagnosis and active surgical treatment may attain sound prognosis.

Objective To establish the different degrees of rat diffuse axonal injury (DAI) model by using a self‐made DAI device .Methods A total of 70 healthy adult clean SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal control group (n=10) and DAI group (n=60) ,then the DAI group was randomly subdivided into the group A ,B ,and C ,20 cases in each group .The rat head injury model was prepared by using the self‐made experimental device ,which made the rat head to simultaneously produce instant oversized linear and angular accelerations ,different degrees of rat DAI model ,including mild DAI(group A) ,moderate DAI (group B) and severe DAI(group C) ,were induced by different rotation back and forth ,accelerated movement times under the con‐stant air pressure .The pathological and behavior effect evaluation was performed .Results With the injury degree aggravating ,the time interval of nerve physiological reflex recovery and awakening time in the acute DAI groups were increased (P<0 .05) .The nerve function score after 7 d in the DAI groups was decreased (P<0 .05);the death rates within 14 d after injury in the group A , B and C were 5 .0% ,25 .0% and 50 .0% respectively .With the injury degree aggravating ,the DAI pathological characteristics were more significant .Conclusion This device could effectively establish different injury degrees of DAI animal model .

Objective To analyze mRNA expressions of 7 cytoklnes which influence the immune response in lym- phocytes in pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients to evaluate the effect of local tumor microenviron- ment on anti-tumor immune response and to explore the mechanism of tumor escape. Methods Detecting the mRNA expression of IL-2,INF-γ,IL-12,IL-18,IL-10,IL-4 and TGF-β 1 in lymphocytes in pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients and tuberculotic pleurisy patients on the single cell level by using in situ hybridization. Results In the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer, the mRNA expressions of IL-10,TGF-β1 and IL-4 were signifi- cantly higher than those of IL-2,IL-12,IL-18 and INF-γ,as well as these of control group. The cytokine expression levels of tuberculotic pleurisy patients were very Iow, and there were no significant differences between different cy- tokines. Conclusion Type 2 cytokines are expressed predominantly in the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung can- cer. The increased co-expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 indicates that they might act Jointly and play a critical role in the immunosuppression of non-small cell lung cancer.