Objective To study the kinetic expression level of chemokines (RANTESF) in the murine infection of vulvovaginal can-didiasis (VVC), and explore the function of chemokines in local immunity of VVC. Method Sixty-three female Kunming mice, at 8 ～ 10 weeks of age, were used in this study. All animals were divided into three groups. The content variation of RANTESF in blood and yaginal fluids and CFU of vaginal fluid in each separate group of mice were detected at days 2, 7, and 14 after infection. The first group was control group. The second group was infected only one time and the third group was infected twice. The results were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statis-tical software. Results The content variation of RANTESF and CFU in vaginal fluid reached highest at days 7 in both the first and the sec-ond groups, as well as in the blood. There were no notable changes at days 2 and 14. The content variation in vaginal fluid or blood of the second group was higher than that in the first group after infection. Conclusion CMI, as a host defense mechanism, plays an important role in protecting against vulvovaginal candidiasis, especially in secondary infection. Local innate immunity is more important than systemic in-nate immunity for protection against vulvovaginal candidiasis. Cytokine about RANTES can promote innate immunity modulation; especially the local innate immunity modulation can promote the ehemotaxis of RANTES.

Objective To explore clinical practice value of Disease Severity Evaluation Scale (DSAS), and divide patient's nursing level according to the results of DSAS. Methods The assessment group was set up for evaluation of the scale, DSAS was used to determine the nursing level of 3 713 hospitalized patients (age > 18 years old) from 17 clinical departments, from April to May 2014. Results Nursing level determined by DSAS was compared with the standard nursing level, kappa coefficient was 0.72, P < 0.05, suggesting that the consistency was better. According to the kappa coefficient, 17 clinical departments could be divided into three categories, namely the applicability of DSAS were different in different departments. Conclusions DSAS can be used as a objective basis for division of nursing level and has a certain clinical significance. But in order to make it guide clinical work better, scoring system with department characteristic should be developed on the basis of DSAS.

Objective To study the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its survival time.Methods Chromosome preparations were made by using modified method.Karyotypes were analyzed by stain of G-banding. And all patients were treated by chemotherapy. All patients' survival time was calculated.Results Mitotic cells that could be used for analysis were found in 28 cases.5 of 28 karyotypes were normal and 8 cases were polyploid.There were 4 cases with t(14,18)(q32;q21),5 cases with t(3; 14) (q27;q32),2 cases with t(2;3) (p11 ;q27),1 case with t(3 ;22) (q27 ;q11) respectively.There were 2 cases with ectopia between 7 chromosome and other chromosomes and 1 case with ectopia between 17 chromosome and other chromosomes.The survival time of patients with normal karyotype,t(14,18) (q32;q21)or 3q+ was longer than that of other groups.The survival time of group in Ⅰ, Ⅱ stages was longer than that in Ⅲ, Ⅳ stages. Conclusion The treatment, survival time and prognosis could be expected according to chromosomal abnormalities and its relevance to stages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Central nervous system (CNS)diseases are complicated and the knowledge we get about them is very limited.PET plays an important role in the diagnosis of CNS diseases since it is noninvasive. Exploring the functional changes of the brain with PET has become a hot topic.The key of PET brain ima-ging is the molecular targeting probes.This review summarizes the research progress of CNS PET tracers on the basis of 2016 Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI)annual meeting.

Objective To understand the genotype distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the drug susceptibility of M.tuberculosis with different genotypes in Changping district of Beijing and evaluate the application of genotyping of M.tuberculosis in local tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control.Methods A total of 1 099 M.tuberculosis strains isolated in Changping from 2011 to 2015 were used.Spoligotyping and 12-locus VNTR recommended by Gao were used for the genotyping of these isolates.In addition,the susceptibility of the M.tuberculosis isolates to rifampin (RFP),isoniazid (INH),ethambutol (EMB),streptomycin (SM),amikacin (AMK) and ofloxcin (OFX) were detected by using conventional drug susceptibility test.Results From 2011 to 2015,the detection rate of OFX-resistance increased from 2.9％ to 8.9％ (P=0.01).Of all the M.tuberculosis isolatcs,976 belonged to Beijing genotype (88.8％),and the other 123 belonged to non-Beijing genotype (11.2％).In addition,there were 189 ancient Beijing genotype isolates and 787 modern Beijing genotype isolates,respectively.The proportion of Beijing genotype strains showed no significant increase in the past five years (81.1％ in 2011 vs.82.0％ in 2015).On the basis of VTNR genotyping,only 2 isolates belonged to one cluster (0.1％).In addition,the AMK resistant rate of Beijing genotype strains (1.7％)was significantly lower than that of non-Beijing genotype strains (4.9％,P=0.02).Compared with modern Beijing genotype strains,the SM resistant rate of ancient Beijing genotype strains was significantly higher (28.0％ vs.15.7％,P=0.01).Conclusions In the past five years,the OFX-resistant rate of M.tuberculosis in Changping was in increase.There was no significant difference in the detection of Beijing genotype strains during this period.In addition,the low clustering rate indicated that the TB transmission rate was low in Changping.

Objective The metabolites of tolvaptan in rats were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UFLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS),and the possible metabolic pathways of tolvaptan in rats were discussed.Methods Plasma,urine and fecal samples from rats were collected after a single oral administration of 60 mg·kg-1 tolvaptan solid dispersion solution.The protein in the samples was precipitated with acetonitrile.UFLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS technology was adopted for the sample analysis and the data were processed by Xcalibur 2.0 software.Results According to the retention time,precise relative molecular mass,characteristic fragment ions and related literature reports of each compound,35 metabolites were identified in rat biological samples.Moreover,23,26 and 30 metabolites in the plasma,urine and feces were identified,respectively.The major metabolic pathways of tolvaptan were identified as hydroxylation,carboxylation,hydrolysis,dehydrogenation,glucuronidation and acetylation.Conclusion Our study confirmed the major metabolites of tolvaptan in rats,enriched the metabolite spectrum of tolvaptan in vivo,and provided an experimental basis for the in-depth study of the pharmacodynamic substance basis of tolvaptan.

Objective: To describe the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens at hematology department of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015 to provide reference for empirical anti-infection treatment. Methods: Pathogens were from hematology department of 26 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or agar dilution method. Collection of drug susceptibility results and corresponding patient data were analyzed. Results: The separated pathogens amounted to 4 306. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.26%, while the proportions of gram-positive bacteria and funguses were 26.99% and 8.75% respectively. Common gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (20.48%) , Klebsiella pneumonia (15.40%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.50%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (5.04%) and Stenotropho-monas maltophilia (3.41%) respectively. CRE amounted to 123 (6.68%) . Common gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (4.92%) , Staphylococcus hominis (4.88%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.71%) respectively. Candida albicans were the main fungus which accounted for 5.43%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were 3.5%-6.1% and 5.0%-6.3% respectively. The rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to tobramycin and amikacin were 3.2% and 3.3% respectively. The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii towards tobramycin and cefoperazone/sulbactam were both 19.2%. The rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to minocycline and sulfamethoxazole were 3.5% and 9.3% respectively. The rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis resistant wards vancomycin were 0, 6.4% and 1.4% respectively; also, the rates of them resistant to linezolid were 1.2%, 0 and 1.6% respectively; in addition, the rates of them resistant to teicoplanin were 2.8%, 14.3% and 8.0% respectively. Furthermore, MRSA accounted for 39.15% (83/212) . Conclusions Pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacteria. CRE accounted for 6.68%. The rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia resistant to carbapenems were lower compared with other antibacterial agents. The rates of gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin were still low. MRSA accounted for 39.15%.