Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP criteria) version 1 was first launched by geriatricians from Cork University Hospital (Ireland) in 2008.The criteria played a positive role in identifying potentially inappropriate prescriptions.It could also enhance the supervision of drug abuse and reduce adverse drug reactions in the elderly.Recently,a new version of STOPP was published,with updated,more practical and evidence-based guidance.Here we translated and edited the new version of STOPP,in order to provide a valuable reference for physicians and pharmacists and promote rational drug use in elderly patients.

Objective To discuss manifestations of neurogenic tumors on chest wall on CT imaging and pathology.Methods 7 patients with neurogenic tumors on chest wall confirmed surgically and pathologically were reviewed.To facilitate differential diagnosis,3 cases of malignant sarcoma were reviewed for their features on CT.Results 4 out of 5 cases of neurinoma were benign,with one case showing even density on plain CT scan,3 were poorly even,one case showed obvious evenness after enhancement,and 1 case was poorly evenly enhanced,2 benign cases had compression absorption of surrounding bone of scapula or ribs.One case of moderate malignancy was uneven in plain scan and slightly enhanced after enhancement procedure,and neighboring bone of scapula and rib were compressed and destroyed and absorbed,and neighboring muscular interspace and upper mediastinum were involved.One case showed single lesion of neurofibroma,displaying relatively even density on plain scan and moderate unevenness after enhancement procedure,as well as compression and absorption of neighboring ribs.One case of neurofibroma had multiple lesions,showing uneven density on plain scan.This case did not undergo enhanced scan.The remaining 3 cases were all sarcoma including 2 cases of fibrosarcoma and one case of synovial sarcoma.Conclusion Mass of soft tissues that are situated on chest wall or paravertebral area and with smooth edge are suggestive for benign neurogenic tumor.On the contrary,rough edge and coarse shape and infiltration into neighboring tissues are characteristic for malignant ones.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the pharmacists’knowledge for the rational drug use in the elderly,and to provide ref-erence for promoting the role of pharmacists in it. METHODS:A questionnaire was designed according to the Beers Criteria(2012 edition)to investigate the situation of pharmacists’(who were from some third-grade class-A hospitals in Guangzhou and some sec-ond-grade class-A hospitals in Foshan)knowledge for rational drug use in the elderly,and the data was statistically analyzed. RE-SULTS:Totally 190 questionnaires were sent out,and 176 were recycled with effective recovery of 92.63%. In the investigation, 30.11% of the pharmacists knew the knowledge well,23.30% was poor,and the rest was moderate. From 20 questions,the cor-rect answer rate more than 80% was only 5. Pharmacists in clinical pharmacy department showed higher score than those in non-clinical pharmacy department,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the pharmacists worked in clinical pharma-cy,or pharmacists with higher title and longer working time acquired higher score,there was significant difference in the scores of pharmacists with different titles and working time(P<0.05);there was no significant difference among pharmacists from differ-ent grades of hospitals and education background(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacists are not familiar with the rational use of drugs knowledge in the elderly well,and the understanding is related to working department,professional title and working time. It is necessary to strengthen the training and examination of pharmacists in rational drug use in the elderly,value and develop the construction of clinical pharmacy for the elderly actively.

Objective To establish fingerprint of Hupulus lupulus by HPLC.Methods Diamonsil C18column (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm) was used.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1％phosphoric acid, in gradient elution mode, detection wavelength was 358nm, column pressure at 10.2MPa, column temperature was 30℃, injection volume of 10μl and flow rate was 1.0ml/min.Results A common mode of HPLC fingerprint of Hupulus lupulus was established.19common peaks were calibrated, xanthohumol, cohumulone, humulone, adhumulone, colupulone, lupulone and adlupulone for identification.Among the 26batches of Hupulus lupulus, 5batches of herbs had similarities of less than or equal 0.9, which were all wild varieties.Conclusion The method was fast, effective, accurate and reliably to distinguish the cultivation and wildness Hupulus lupulus, which provided reference for quality control of Hupulus lupulus.

Objective　To analyze the clinical indications,efficacy and safety of Chinese minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in treating upper urinary calculi based on our experience.Methods　From June 1992 to September 2010,a total of 10,452 patients (6060 males and 4392 females)with a mean age of (47.6 ± 13.7) years (7 months-93 years) received MPCNL in our center.The mean stone burden was (777.4 ± 740.3) mm2 (20 - 4 080 mm2 ).The data of stone burden,operative techniques,operating time,stone-free rate,major complication,hospital stay and stone composition were investigated.　Results　Of the 10 452 cases,11 801 procedures were performed on 10 876 (5493 left and 5383right) renal units,including 10 102 first stage procedures,1604 secondary procedures,86 third procedures and 9 fourth procedures.There were 11 830 tracts established,including 373 (3.15％ ) tracts of 14 F,7867 (66.50％) tracts of 16 F and 3590 (30.35％) tracts of 18 F.There were 1207 (10.20％),9174(77.55％) and 1449 (12.25％) punctures located in upper,middle and lower pole,respectively.956(8.79％) renal units were managed with multiple tracts,which including 2 tracts in 846 (7.78％) units,3tracts in 85 (0.78％) units,4 tracts in 18 (0.17％) units and 5 tracts in 7 (0.06％) units.Pneumatic lithotripsy was used in 8563 (72.56％) procedures,Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 2981(25.26％)　procedures and Pneumatic lithotripsy + Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 257(2.18％) procedures.762 (7.29％) cases needed ESWL to clean the stone after MPCNL.The average operating time was ( 101.3 ± 44.2) min ( 10 -240 min).The stone-free rate of MPCNL was 89.9％,which increased to 93％ by adjunctive ESWL.And the mean hospital stay was ( 13.2 ± 6.4) days (2 - 72 days).The major complications happened on 321 (3.07％) cases,including 294 (2.81％ ) cases of blood transfusion,12 (0.11％ ) cases of sepsis,2 (0.02％) cases of renal abscess,9 (0.09％) cases of pleura injury,2 (0.02％) cases of colon injury and 2 (0.02％) cases of death.53 (0.51％) cases needed selective renal arterial embolization to achieve hemostasis.The main stone compositions were analyzed in 4345 cases.Calcium oxalate,calcium phosphate,magnesium ammonium phosphate,uric acid,ammonium urate,carbapatite and cystin were 91.74％,90.33％,14.91％,17.77％,4.83％,8.47％ and 0.51％,respectively. Conclusions　MPCNL is an effective and safe treatment option for all kinds of upper urinary calculi in patients at all ages with a high stone free rate and low major complication rate.

OBJECTIVE：To prepare Brevisc apine（BRE） nanocrystals，and to evaluate its quality. METHODS ：BRE nanocrystal suspensions were prepared by media milling method. The diameter and amount of grinding beads ，grinding time ，type and ratio of stabilizer ，BRE ratio were investigated to screen the optimal technology and formulation with particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） as evaluation indexes. Using morphology ，color，particle size and PDI of BRE nanocrystals as evaluation index ，different lyoprotectants （50％ mannitol，5％ glucose，5％ lactose）and without lyoprotectant were investigated to screen the optimal lyoprotectant. Particle size analyzer ，scanning electron microscope （SEM），X-Ray diffraction （XRPD）， differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）were used to evaluate the quality of BRE nanocrystals which was prepared with the optimal technology and formulation. RESULTS ：The optimal technology and formulation of BRE nanocrystals included that particle size of 0.6 mm zirconia beads with the amount of 450 g，grinding time of 1 h，stabilizer of 15％ Tween-80，BRE ratio of 25％，without lyoprotectant. Prepared BRE nanocrystals were yellow powder with loose texture and uniform color. The average particle size of BRE nanocrystals was （283.10±3.08）nm，average PDI was （0.212±0.021）and average Zeta potential was （－38.48±0.39）mV. BRE nanocrystals were rod-like crystals ，uniform in distribution and had no change in crystalline state. Accumulative dissolution of BRE nanocrystals were （90.37±1.22）％ within 20 min. Under the condition of （40±2）℃ temperature and （75±5）％ relative humidity，BRE nanocrystals remained stable after being kept away from light for 3 months. CONCLUSIONS ：Established preparation method of BRE nanocrystals is simple and feasible. Prepared BRE nanocrystals show good stablility and dissolution.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*