Objective To study the applicability of unilateral and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion during deep hy-potbermia circulatory arrest (DHCT) surgery and to determine a better method of brain protection. Methods 60 patients un-derwent aortic arch surgery were random divided into either unilateral cerebral perfusion group with a cannula in the innominate artery (n = 30 ) , or bilateral cerebral peffusion gToup with an additional cannula in the left carotid artery ( n = 30 ). S-100β,neuron specific enolase (NSE) were assayed at the following time points: the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (T_1), the beginning of circulatory arrcst( T_2 ), antegradc cerebral perfusion (ACP) 25 min( T_3 ), the end of ACP( T_4 ), the end of car-diopulmonary bypass ( T_5 ) , 1h( T_6 ) , 6h ( T_7 ) and 24h( T_8 ) after operation. Neurological deficit incidence and mortality were also obtained. Results There is no statistical significance for S-100β and NSE plasma concentration among time points of T_1、T_2 and T_3. But every time point among T_4、T_5、T_6、T_7 ,Ts do have statistical significances. The incidence of central nervous system dysfunction in group unilateral ACP was higher than that in group bilateral ACP ( 33.33% vs. 10.00%, P = 0.028 ).But there is no significant difference between the two groups in mortality( 3.33% vs. 6.66% ,P = 1. 000 ). Conclusion There is no significant difference between unilateral ACP and bilateral ACP in 25 min during DHCA. But as the DHCA time extends, the effect of bilateral ACP will be better.

Objective It is still controversial how to deal with the congenital heart disease with advanced pulmonary hypertension.The choices of treatment for these patients must depend on the character and degree of pulmonary vascular change.The pulmonary vascular change correlates well with hemodynamics and acute pulmonary vasoreactivity test.Therefore,it will play an important role to obtain accurately these evaluations.Methods This paper studies 85 cases (38 males and 46 females) with congenital heart disease complic ated with advanced pulmonary hypertension and bidirectional shunt,which are diagnosed by echocardiography.Whose age range is (22.8 ± 16.5 ) and weight range (46.4 ± 12.1 ) kg.Among those cases,42 are VSD,11 are ASD,9 are VSD with patent ductus arteriosu,7 are patent ductus arteriosu,5 are ASD with VSD,and 11 are the others.With congenital heart disease complicated with advanced pulmonary hypertension and bidirectional shunt,which are diagnosed by echocardiography.There were floating catheter retention of 4 to 13 days ( average 7.5 days).Through the right subclavian vein or jugular vein,floating catheter is inserted into pulmonary artery.Pulmonary artery pressure is recorded continuously and analyzed.Hemodynamics,acute pulmonary vasoreactivity test and drug sensitivity test are evaluated.Differences of the hemodynamics are analyzed between echocardiography and floating catheter examination.Results Compared with floating catheter examination,there are not significantly difference for the diagnosis of advanced pulmonary hypertension(98.8％ vs.100％,P ＞ 0.05),less accurately diagnosis (64.3％ vs.100％,P ＜ 0.05 ) and higher (H)false positive rate (8.4％ vs.0,P ＜ 0.05) for Eisenmenger syndrome in echocardiography examination.Floating catheter examination shows that mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure(PAP)/mean systolie body artery blood pressure (BP) and mean PAP / mean BP were equal to 1.22 ± 0.35 and 1.07 ± 0.11 respectively.The patients presented total pulmonary vascular resistance of ( 17.6 ± 8.3) Wood units.Bidirectional shunt volume is more than 30％ cardiac outputs in 7 cases.Apart from 14 cases with Eisenmenger syndrome,total pulmonary vascular resistance is ( 11.3 ± 3.7) Wood units.Acute pulmonary vasoreactivity test presents positive in 67 cases.After drug sensitivity test,14 cases with Eisenmenger syndrome underwent medical treatment and waited lung transplantation or heart-lung transplantation.Floating catheter examination happened hematoma(2/85 ) in 2 patients.71 cases underwent surgical treatment.Operative complications included right heart failure (6/71) and pulmonary infection (5/71).Operative mortality was 5.6％ (4/71).The main causes of death were right heart failure.Compared with preoperative arterial oxygen saturation,postoperative arterial oxygen saturation increased by (9.7 ± 4.1 ) ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Floating catheter examination can evaluate accurately pulmonary hypertension,hemodynamics,acute pulmonary vasoreactivity test,drug sensitivity test and bidirectional shunt volume.All the patients,who were diagnosed as advanced pulmonary hypertension with bidirectional shunt by echocardiography,should undergo floating catheterization.Floating catheter examination can provide reliable,objective theoretical basis for the choice of treatment in the congenital heart diseases with advanced pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To summarize the experience of aortic root surgery in Stanford A aortic dissection operations.Methods From January 2005 to September 2010, the clinical data of 59 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection was analyzed. There were 43 men and 16 women , ranging in age from 21 to 74 years old, duration of disease varied from 16 hours to 27 days. Among the group, 31 complicated by aortic valve incompetence, 12 Marfan syndrome, 9 single lower limb blood supply dysfunction, 6 right coronary artery involvement. All cases received aortic root surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Bentall procedure was performed in 31 patients, Wheat procedure in 15 patients and David procedure in 13 patients.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the group was 149 to 204 min with an average of ( 171 ± 19) min,and the cross clamp time was 81 to 122 min with an average of (104 ±13) min, and the arrest time was 30 to 47 min with an average of (39 ±7) min. There was 1 case of operative death, which was treated on an emergency basis. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases. 17 cases experienced temporary mental dysfunction, 2 cases were infected with MRS A, 1 of which died from MODS, 1 case of single lower limb blood supply dysfunction remained after the first operation and recovered by reoperation (bilateral femoral bypass operation) . All cases were reexamined before discharge, postoperative mean LVEF was (56. 3 ±3.4)% (ranged 51% -62%), aortic annular diameter varied from 22 mm to 27 mm, aortic sinus diameter range from 23 mm to 31mm. 51 patients were followed up, with a mean follow-up time of (24.9 ± 17.2) months (ranged 2-54 months). 54 patients of Stanford A aortic dissection survived well with normal lives and activities. Four non cardiac deaths, one was chronic renal failure, the others were brain hemorrhage. Conclusion Prognosis and operative security of Stanford A aortic dissection patients can be significantly improved by individualized aortic root surgery.