Objective To observe the movement patterns of the geniohyoid muscle in swallowing of healthy subjects by using the real-time B/M-mode ultrasound imaging.Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and the movement patterns of their geniohyoid muscles in swallowing of 5 ml juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus.The parameters included the range and the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement.Each subject was measured for 3 times to get the average.Results The range of geniohyoid muscle movement in swallowing of the above bolus was (6.993 ± 1.776)mm,(7.463 ± 1.947)mm,(8.446 ±2.293)mm and (8.905 ±2.057)mm,respectively,with significant differences among them except that between juice-like and thin liquid bolus swallowing,as well as between honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing.The duration of geniohyoid muscle movement was (0.899 ±0.129)s,(1.019 ±0.149)s,(1.119 ±0.111)s and (1.211 ±0.141)s in juice-like,thin liquid,honey-like and budding-like bolus swallowing,with significant differences among them.When swallowing the same bolus,the range and duration of geniohyoid muscle movement of males were significantly longer than those of females.Conclusions B/M-mode imaging provides a useful technique for assessment the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.The bolus viscosity has an impact on the movement of the geniohyoid muscle.Compared with the range of movement,the duration of geniohyoid muscle movement is a better index for evaluating the effect of bolus viscosity on the geniohyoid muscle movement.

Objective To compare surgical hybrid procedures (open thromboembolectomy/bypass,transluminal angioplasty/stenting) and endovascular hybrid procedures (percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy,catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis,transluminal angioplasty/stenting) in patients with acute lower limb ischemia.Methods From June 2011 to June 2012,the clinical data and the six month follow-up data of patients with acute (less than 14 days) lower limb ischemia were collected and analyzed,who have underwent the endovascular modality hybrid procedures (endovascular modality group)or surgery modality of hybrid procedures (surgery modality group).The combined incidence of perioperative (30 days) death (POD) and major adverse limb event (MALE,include amputation or major intervention again) was defined as the primary end-point,and the secondary efficacy end-point was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) consisted of myocardial infarction,stroke and death from any cause.Results There were 105 and 95 cases respectively in the endovascular modality group and the surgery modality group.96 patients (99.0％) in the surgery modality group and 97 patients (92.4％) in the endovascular modality group were successfully completed with vascular reconstruction.The incidence of the primary end-point (combined POD and MALE) in the surgery modality group (7.2％) was significantly less than the endovascular modality group (17.1％).Hemorrhagic complications occurred more in the endovascular modality group (6.7％) than the surgery modality group (0％).The surgery modality group had more postoperative pulmonary complications (9.3％) than the endovascular modality group (1.0％).Conclusions Surgical hybrid procedures offer better immediate and mid-term results for patients with acute lower limb ischemia.

Objective To explore the treatment of multifocal lower extremity arteriosclerosis oblitera-tions. Methods From March 2014 to September 2014, combined procedures were performed on 30 lower limbs in 30 patients with multifocal lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterations for revascularization. All the patients underwent endovascular , 20 of whom received endarterectomy , 10 received artery emboloctomy , and 8 received profundaplasty. The rates of technical success and clinical success were observed. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months to observe the total patency rate and rate of limb reservation. Results The technical success rate was 100%. The perioperative complication rate was 30% (9/30). 29 limbs gained improvement with differ-ent degree and the clinical success rate was 96.67% (29/30). The ankle-brachial index elevated 0.37 ± 0.19 on average (P < 0.001). Primary patency rate was 90% and 73% at 6 and 12 months, and 12-month limb reserva-tion rate was 97.67%. Conclusions The combined procedures for complex lower extremity arteriosclerosis oblit-erations have a higher short- to mid-term patency rate and limb reservation rate.