Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the expression of B7-1 in liver tissue and the effect of interferon- alpha(α- IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The expression of B7 -1in liver biopsy specimens from 68 CHB patients was studied with immunohistochemistry before α-IFN treatment.Results B7-1 was expressed in 45(66.2%) liver tissues among 68 patients with CHB,but none in 5 normal controls.The total response ratio of α- IFN in patients with B7-1 positive was 66.7%(30/45),which was significantly higherthan 39.1%(9/23)in the patients with B7-1 negative(x2 =7.20,P <0.01).B7-1 expression was closely corelat-ed with the histological activity grade(HAI) and serum alanine transaminase(ALT) level.Conclusions The level of B7-1 expression in liver tissue may be regarded as an effective parameter for predicting α-IFN response in patients with CHB.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treatment of type 2 diabetes with Glargine and Novolin 30R.Methods68 patients from June 2015 to October 2016,were randomly divided into insulin glargine group and Novolin 30R each group 34 cases, According to the medical staff were given psychological counseling for patients to explain the importance of disease related knowledge and related treatment, timely eliminate/alleviate the negative emotion of patients with, to ensure that patients with a good attitude to face treatment;Follow-up and It occurred in January when the two groups were recorded hypoglycemia ratio, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin, the use of statistical methods for data analysis.ResultsThe proportion of patients with insulin glargine group hypoglycemia after treatment 2.94%, better than Novolin group 17.65%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).②After treatment glargine group TG, TC index were (1.70±0.21) mmol/L, (5.24±0.16) mmol/L, were better than Novolin group (3.04±0.35) mmol/L,(5.58±0.22) mmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment glargine group glycated hemoglobin was (7.02±0.18)%, lower than Novolin group (7.78±0.30)%, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionGlargine and Novolin 30R can effectively control blood sugar, low insulin glargine hypoglycemia event rate, the better the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is worthy of further research and application.

Objective To study the electrolyte status of 50 infants with severe pneumonia. Method By means of retrospective way to analyze the electrolyte level of blood sample from 50 young children. Results The sequences of electrolyte disturbances in the 50 young children with severe pneumonia were hyponatremia(34%), hypokalemia(30%),hypocalcemia(18%),hypochloremia(16%),hypernatremia(12%),and heperkalemia(10%). Conclusion Young children with severe pneumonia often have electrolyte disturbances of various kinds at the same time; electrolyte evaluations of blood samples from such young children should be done routinely, so that problems can be found early, and correcting measures be taken in time.

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the expression of B7-1 in liver tissue and the effect of interferon-alpha(?-IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods The expression of B7-1 in liver biopsy specimens from 68 CHB patients was studied with immunohistochemistry before ?-IFN treatment.Results B7-1 was expressed in 45(66 2%) liver tissues among 68 patients with CHB,but none in 5 normal controls.The total response ratio of ?-IFN in patients with B7-1 positive was 66 7%(30/45),which was significantly higher than 39 1%(9/23)in the patients with B7-1 negative (? 2=7 20,P

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method was developed for detection of HBsAg. Its reprodu-cibility. sensitivity and specificity were evaluated, and these results were compared with the Abbott kit (AUSRIA).Horse anti-HBs was used both for coating solid phase and iodination. Normal horse serum was applied in the labelled antiserum to prevent the non-specific reaction between different species of animal sera.The cutoff was 2.21? negative control value. The factor 2.21 was derived from the mean S/N value and its 3 SD of 553 normal sera, while the factor of AUSRIA was 2.1. The lowest detectable amount of HBsAg by our RIA method was 4. 1ng/ml, while that by AUSRIA 2. 1ng/ml, which was about 2 times more sensitive than our system.The prevalence of HBsAg in normal population detected by this RIA ranged from 12.9 to 17.7%. that in the patients with acute viral hepatitis was 60.6%. and in chronic viral hepatitis patients 89.9%.As hepatitis B virus infection is quite common in our country, it is important and urgent to use RIA widely to detect HBsAg carrier in the clinical diagnosis, selection of donors and epidemiological investigation.

Objective:To summarize the allergic mechanism caused by traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) to provide some references for perfecting Good Laboratory Practice(GLP) of TCMI.Method:The related iteratures in data bases at home and abroad were reviewed,and the present experimental research methods about allergies were referred to to have a view of future studies.Result:The allergic mechanism of TCMI was mostly antigen-antibody reaction, part of which was anaphylactoid reaction.The method of the evaluation of allergy caused by TCMI only was animal experiments, but there were still some allergies caused by TCMI after the evaluation with this method.The present experimental research methods indicated that the detection of mediators of inflammation and FCM(Flow Cytometry) could be used to evaluate the allergies caused by TCMI.Conclusion:More attention should be paid to allergies caused by TCMI for its complicated mechanism and frequent occurrences in clinic.It may be an effective way to evaluate the allergies caused by TCMI with several methods including in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To detect the virus in the feces and sera of patients in an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A,non-E hepatitis,and this review covers the epidemiologic features and experimental infection of this novel virus.Data sources Data sources come from our own work on this subject,published and unpublished.Study selection Mainly our own work is included,and related literature is collected.Results In an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A-E hepatitis among students,a total of 381 cases (60.7%)were documented.Viral fragments identical to transfusion transmitted virus(TTV)were detected in both serum and stool samples.Asymptomatic virus carriers among the staff had positive serum(32.1%)and feces(24.6%),clearly a potential source of infection.This viral infection prevalence in 2 remote villages in northern and southern China was 9.2% and 10.6%,respectively,suggesting that China is an endemic area.In this study,groups of 3 Rhesus monkeys were infected via oral or intravenous inoculation with patient feces.Two additional monkeys were infected by passage.The virus was detected in serum,peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC),liver,spleen and small intestine,while the virus positive single strand,which might be a replicative intermediate,was only in liver,intestine and PBMC of all animals.Conclusions This nonenveloped DNA virus might be transmitted both by blood and enteric routes.Considering its wide distribution and high prevalence,we suppose that nonparenteral transmission is more important.

Objective To compare the effect of carvedilol and motoprolol on high altitude chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Ninety patients with high altitude chronic CHF were divided into three groups randomly:Twenty patients in the regular treatment group treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) ,diuretics and digoxin; motoprolol (50 mg twice daily) was given in the motoprolol group( 34cases) additional to regular treatment; carvedilol (25 mg twice daily) was given in the carvedilol group(36cases ) additional to regular treatment. All the patients were followed up for six months and measured the changes of cardiac function by echocardiography. Results Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was ( 57. 3 ± 6. 5 ) mm and (57.2 ± 6. 9) mm in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group respectively, and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) was (46. 6 ± 7.0) mm and (44. 0 ± 6. 9 ) mm in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group respectively, which were all significantly smaller than that in the regular treatment group ([64.7 ±9. 1]mm and [53.4 ±9.8]mm for LVEDD and LVESD,respectively) (Ps ＜0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group ( [47.5 ± 8. 1] % and [52. 9 ±8.5] % ,respectively) was higher than that in regular treatment group( [42. 8 ±9. 2]% ) (Ps ＜0. 05).The improvement of LVEF in the carvedilol group was better than that in the motoprolol group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). One case died in the motoprolol group and no death in the carvedilol group,4 cases died in the regular treatment group,the mortality in the motoprolol group and the carvedilol group was significantly lower than that in the regular treatment group. Conclusion Carvedilol and motoprolol significantly improved cardiac function in high latitude CHF patients,and the effect of Carvedilol is slightly better than that of motoprolol.

Objective To compare cost-effectiveness between endoscopical esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) combined non-selective beta-receptor blocker strategies and covered-stents transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (cTIPS) in preventing esophageal variceal rebleeding in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.And to explore the threshold of cost-effectiveness in stents in China.Methods According to clinical practice and associated guidelines,a six state Markov-based decision analytic model was established with TreeAge Pro Suite 2014 to compare the cost-effectiveness between two interfering strategies after followed up for seven years.The parameters such as costs,life years (LY),quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) and incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) were directed.Results The results of baseline research in the seven-year follow-up period indicated that the cost of endoscopical EVL combined non-selective beta-receptor blocker B was 7 444.25 United States dollar (USD)/each,and yielded 1.98 QALY.The expected cost of cTIPS was 13 151.69 USD/ each and could have 2.34 QALY.In the 7th year,ICER was 16 001.74 USD.Based on willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of China (19 887.00 USD),cTIPS had better cost-effectiveness than endoscopical EVL combined non-selective beta-receptor blocker B.The price of covered stents less than 5 401.52 USD had cost-effectiveness.The results of single factor sensitivity analysis indicated that rebleeding probability of endoscopical EVL combined non-selective beta-receptor blocker B group was the most influential factor in the result of model.The second important factor was the cost of cTIPS.The probabilistic sensitivity analysis reported cTIPS to be the optimal strategy at WTP of 19 887.00 USD in 83％ of the iterations.Conclusions Seven-year follow-up indicates that cTIPS may be a more cost-effective strategy than endoscopical EVL combined non-selective beta-receptor blocker B in preventing esophageal variceal rebleeding.The price of covered stents less than 5 401.52 USD which have cost-effectiveness in China.

Objective:To optimize the formula of ropivacaine hydrochloride transdermal gel. Methods:The steady transdermal rate and cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of ropivacaine hydrochloride gel were used as the indices, an orthogonal design was applied to select the optimal formula, and Design Expert 8. 0. 5. 0 software was used to analyze the results. Results: The optimal formula con-tained 2% carbomer, 10% propylene-glycol and 5% Azone. The steady transdermal rate of the optimal formula was 0. 6951 mg·h-1 · cm-2 . The cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of the optimal formula was 91. 04%, which was 22. 79% higher than that of ropiva-caine hydrochloride solution with the same concentration. Design Expert 8. 0. 5. 0 software could predict the steady transdermal rate and cumulative transdermal percentage in 24 h of the optimal formula. Conclusion: The preparation design is reasonable, and the gel has promising properties, which is suitable for skin local application.