ObjectiveTo detect the expression on p53 gene in retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) of rabbit eyes with different degrees of intraocular hypertension.MethodsIntraocular pressure(IOP)was elevated by intracameral injection of 0.10～0.15 ml of 2% methylcellulose.Animals were grouped up by different values of IOP.The rabbit eyes were enucleated,fixed,paraffin-embedded and cut into serial 6- μm thin sections.For histological evaluation,the slides were stained with DAB chromogen(conducting an immuohistochemical experiment),and were examined by light microscopic and automatic image analysis.ResultsThe number of RGCs with a positive reaction for p53 monoclonal antibody was statistically higher in the experimental eyes than in their control fellow eyes(P<0.01),and apoptosis was mainly found in the early stage of research.ConclusionOur research presents a new alternative view of apoptosis in experimental glaucoma(According to former reports,apoptosis was mainly found in the advanced stage of the patients with POAG)

Herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) is a common pathogen, and human is the only natural host of it.Following a period of lytic replication in epithelial cells, HSV-1 enters axon terminals of sensory neurons and then travels via retrograde transport to the sensory ganglia where latency can be established.Upon the stimulation of some stressors, the latent virus can reactivate, leading to recurrent diseases.Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation will offer new insights into the prevention, treatment and control of HSV-1 infection.In this review, we describes the mechanisms underlying HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation.

Objective To determ ine the norm al reference values of 33 elem ents, Ag, Al, As, Au, B , B a, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, G a, H g, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, N i, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U , V , Zn and Zr, in the blood and urine sam ples from the general population in Sanm en County of Zhejiang province, a typical coastal area of eastern China. Methods The 33 elem ents in 272 blood and 300 urine sam ples w ere determ ined by inductively coupled plasm a-m ass spectrom etry (ICP-MS ). The norm ality test of data w as conducted using SPSS 17.0 Statistics.The data w as com pared w ith other reports. Results The norm al reference values of the 33 elem ents in the blood and urine sam ples from the general population in Sanm en County w ere obtained, w hich of som e elem ents w ere found to be sim ilar w ith other reports, such as Co, Cu, Mn and Sr, w hile As, Cd, H g and Pb w ere generally found to be higher than those previously reported. There w as a w ide variation betw een the reports from different countries in blood B a. Conclusion The norm al reference values of the 33 elem ents in the blood and urine sam ples from the general population in Sanm en County are established, and successfully applied to tw o poisoning cases.

Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly seen malignant tumors,and is the fourth leading cause of morbidity and second leading cause of mortality among malignancies worldwide. The genesis of gastric cancer is the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors,and is a multi-factor and multi-step carcinogenesis. As one of the most important members in the heat shock protein(HSP)family,HSP70 plays a molecular chaperone role,and is involved in body specific immunity and innate immunity. Studies have demonstrated that over expression of HSP70 often correlates with the genesis and development of gastric cancer. This article reviewed the advances in study on relationship between HSP70 and gastric cancer.

Objective To develop a new software system that cau directly display the predicted results on an electronic map,in order to get a directly perceived understanding of the affected areas of nuclear and radiological terrorism events in city areas.Methods Three scenarios of events including spreading radioactive materials, dirty bomb attack,and explosion or arson attacks on the radiation facilities were assumed.Gaussian diffusion model was employed to predict the spread and deposition of radioactive pollutants,and both the internal and external doses were estimated for the representative person by using the corresponding dose conversion factors.Through integration of the computing system and Mapinfo geographic information system(GIS),the predicted results were visually displayed on the electronic maps of a city.Results The new software system could visually display the predicted results on the electronic map of a city, and the predicted results were consistent with those calculated by the similar software Hotspot(R)The deviation between this system and Hotspot was less than 0.2 km for predicted isoplethic curves of dose rate downwind.Conclusions The newly developed software system is of the practical value in predicting the effects of nuclear and radiological terrorism events in city areas.

Objective To analyze the features of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal of the tibial anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in the stroke patients when sitting and standing.Methods Fifteen stroke patients and fifteen normal subjects were involved in this study. All subjects were asked to stand up and sit down. It repeated five times continuously. The electromyographic signals were collected by surface electrode and then processed by linear time and frequency domain method.Results In sitting position, tibial anterior muscle had significant differences in mean power frequency and median frequency ( P<0.05) when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences ( P<0.05) in root mean square when the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. In standing position, tibial anterior muscle also had significant differences in root mean square and integrated electromyography ( P<0.05) as the same frequency domain comparing as above. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences on time domain, when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the paretic lower limb in stroke patients and the limb in normal subjects were compared ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion sEMG is a brief, applied, feasible assessment method in rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the vision-related quality of life （VRQL） in patients with glaucoma and to explore the intervention. Methods 260 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were investigated with questionnaire of VRQL and self-evaluation before and after health education. 100 health adults with similar age and vision was selected as controls. Results There were significant decrease on VRQL and self-evaluation in patients with glaucoma. Systematic health education can significantly improve their VRQL and self-evaluation. Conclusion The in patients with Glaucoma may result in decrease of VRQL， and systemic health education can improve the quality of life.

This study investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of triptolide-induced renal injury in vivo. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5 in each): triptolide group in which the rats were intraperitoneally injected with triptolide solution at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight on day 8; control group in which the rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% physiological saline on day 8; vitamin C group in which the rats were pretreated with vitamin C by gavage at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 days before the same treatment as the control group on day 8; triptolide+vitamin C group in which the rats were first subjected to an oral administration of vitamin C at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 days, and then to the same treatment as the triptolide group on day 8. All the rats were sacrificed on day 10. Blood samples were collected for detection of plasma creatinine (Pcr) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. Both kidneys were removed. The histological changes were measured by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The production of ROS was determined by detecting the fluorescent intensity of the oxidation-sensitive probe rhodamine 123 in renal tissue. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured to evaluate lipid peroxidation level in renal tissue. TUNEL staining was performed to assess apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Renal expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, Bad, Fas and FasL, as well as corresponding encoding genes were assessed by Western Blotting and real-time PCR. The results showed that triptolide treatment promoted the generation of a great amount of ROS, up-regulated the expression of Bax, Bid, Bad, Fas and FasL at both protein and mRNA levels, as well as the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caused the apoptosis of renal tubular cells and renal injury. However, pretreatment with an antioxidant, vitamin C, significantly reduced the generation of ROS and effectively inhibited the triptolide-induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells and renal injury. It was concluded that ROS plays a critical role in triptolide-induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells and renal injury. The protective administration of vitamin C may help alleviate triptolide-induced renal injury and nephrotoxicity.

To characterize the CD45RA+and CD45RO+T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with cGVHD induced by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( allo-HSCT ) and to explore their relations with the disease.Methods:The peripheral blood was collected from 64 patients after allo-HSCT,including 21 non-cGVHD patients,15 light grade cGVHD patients,18 mild grade cGVHD patients and 10 severe grade cGVHD patients,then CD4+CD45RA+,CD4+CD45RO+, CD8+CD45RA+and CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry ( FCM).Results: Compared with the control,the percent of CD4+CD45RA+T lymphocyte in patients with light,mild and severe grade cGVHD decreased markedly (P<0.05),the percent of CD4+CD45RO+T lymphocyte increased markedly (P<0.05).But there were not obviously change in the patient with different grade cGVHD.The percent of CD8+CD45RA+,CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocyte did not change obviously.Conclusion:CD4+CD45RA+and CD4+CD45RO+may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.

AIM:To explore a more accurate and reliable pathological model of the chronic bronchitis , which has improved from the former single-factor modeling method of the disease .METHODS:The mice in complex group were treated with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) by tracheal injection on the 1st day and nasal drops on the 14th day, and from the 2nd day to 30th day, the animals were given passive smoking and sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) inhalation ( except on the 14th day).The mice in SO2 group were exposed to SO2 2 min per day, while in smoking group, the mice were exposed to smoke for about 1 h per day (4 cigarettes each time until one pack of cigarettes were burning up ).In LPS group, the mice had tracheal injection of LPS on the 1st day and nasal drops of LPS on the 14th day and 30th day.Every modeling process las-ted for 30 days.After modeling, the improvement of chronic bronchitis model was evaluated by testing the general condi-tions of the mice , analyzing leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) , and observing the morphological changes of the bronchial and lung tissues .RESULTS:After modeling, the mice in every model group experienced symp-toms including wet nose, cough, dry and lusterless hair, arched back and curled-up body, showing inactive, and slow down in response .The mice in complex group gained the lowest weight compared to other groups .From each model group , the inflammatory cells infiltrated evidently around the bronchial walls , especially in the bronchial cavity , and the mucilage secretion in the airway increased .The total number of leukocytes in BALF increased significantly in complex group .The in-flammatory cell count in the lung tissue indicated that the mice in complex group had significantly higher levels of inflamma -tory cell infiltration.Besides, the comparison between smoke group and LPS group was statistically significant .CONCLU-SION:Smoking, SO2 inhalation and LPS injection induce bronchial lung disease in mice , and the complex chronic bron-chitis mouse model is a better model with the pathological changes of bronchus , lung tissue and BALF , and pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis .