Objective: To study the effect of active attention with/without target counting on event-related potentials (ERPs) Method: ERPs were elicited by non-target (750 Hz, 80%) and target (2000 Hz, 20%) stimuli in an auditory oddball paradigm for 18 healthy young subjects Results:Compared to the active attention with target counting manner, P3 amplitude was significantly smaller when without target counting (P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the characteristic changes and prognosis of the patients with mild cognition impairment (MCI). Methods The methods of clinical memory test, word and phrase fluency test, word immediate recall and word delayed recall test were used in a three-year follow-up research with 14 patients with MCI and 18 healthy elderly individuals. Results Compared to healthy elderly subjects, the scores of the word delayed recall in the patients with MCI were significantly deterioration in the second year of follow up (P

60 years old) in a community of Beijing were investigated by telephone visit, physical examination and Doppler examination. The rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and stroke were evaluated according to the patient whether had PAOD. Results Among 1730 people, 263 cases were diagnosed as POAD. The prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and stroke in PAOD population (59.3%,40.3%,29.3% and 22.3%) was higher than those in non-PAOD population (48.1%,32.6%,23.0%and 15.2%)( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safty of BaileMian capsulae on treatment of insomnia in aged people. Methods 40 aged people with insomnia were randomly divided into the research group (BaileMian capsule group,n= 20) and the control group (Zaorenanshen capsule group,n=20) treated for 14 days.The clinical effects were esti- mated with SDRS before and after 1 w and 2 w treatment.Results The total SDRS scores after treatments in both groups were significantly decreased comparing with scores before treatments respectively (P

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is one of neurodegenerative diseases in the very old people. PART clinically resembles Alzheimer′s disease and its definite diagnose needs pathological identification of neurofibrillary tangles with or without amyloid plaques in the brain. This article reviews the historical evolution, clinical manifestation, pathology and diagnosis of PART in order to provide new insights.

Objective Inflammation is considered as a driving force in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We study the inhibitory effects of indomethacin on production of nitric oxide (NO) in ?-amyloid 1-42 stimulated microglia in vitro, in order to explore the role of ?-amyloid and microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and that admimistration of anti-inflammatory drugs might be an effective therapeutic modality. Methods We cultured murine microglia BV-2 cells to serve as the model of microglia for experimentation in vitro. Indomethacin in different concentrations (10 -9 , 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 10 -6 and 10 -5 mol/L) was added separately without or with ?-amyloid 1-42 20?mol/L, and culture was continued for 12h. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant of culture were determined. iNOS mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Results There was no effect in the production of NO and the activity of iNOS in BV-2 cells incubated with indomethacin alone. Indomethacin could inhibit NO production and lower iNOS activity and iNOS mRNA expression after microglia were stimulated by ?-amyloid 1-42, and the inhibitory effect was obvious at the concentration of 10 -7 -10 -5 mol/L. Conclusions As a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), indomethacin can inhibit NO production, decrease iNOS activity and iNOS mRNA expression in BV-2 microglia after being stimulated by ?-amyloid 1-42 in vitro. The results suggest that the mechanism by which indomethacin might be beneficial in treatment of AD might be due to the inhibition of NO production from microglia, blocking the inflammatory cascade reaction to ameliorate injury to neuron. As an effective model in vitro, BV-2 microglia are valuable in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective Some researches showed that vascular risk factors might be related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are still disputes among neurologists. Therefore, it was our hope to explore the possible relationship between AD and vascular factors. Methods A case-control study including 155 cognitive normal controls and 91 possible AD patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital was conducted. The patients and controls were matched for gender, occupation and education level. The relationship between AD and vascular factors was analyzed by Logistic model. The level of statistical significance of differences in single factor and multivariate analysis was P

Objective To find a sensitive index and to investigate the working memory impairment of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.Methods Fifteen patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment,15 healthy matching aging controls were performed a matching-to-sample task while event-related potential(ERP),reaction time and correct rate were recorded.Subjects were required to press a button in the match condition and another button in the conflict condition.Results In the matching condition,there was no difference between the two groups in distribution(parietal lobe),peak latency and amplitude of P300(F_ 1,28 =1.0324,P=0.3183;F_ 2,42 =0.543,P=0.585).In the conflict condition,the distribution of N270 was fore head,and its latency of patient group were more delayed than the aging group(F_ 1,28 =25.3264,P=0.000),but its amplitude showed no significant changes(F_ 1,28 =0.507,P=0.482).The result of brain mapping showed same change.Conclusion The N270 component is more sensitive than P300 to reflect the central executive function impairment of working memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

To study the features of sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease(CJD) in China. Three cases of CJD diagnosed by clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), MRI,14 3 3 brain protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),pathology and immunocytochemistry prion protein (PrP) were analysed. The average age of the onset of CJD was sixty four years.The onset was acute in all three cases. Visual and cerebellar signs appeared comparatively early besides mental and myoclonic symptoms,but signs of pyramidal damage were not obvious relatively. In all the three cases EEG showed periodic sharp wave complexes. Calcification of pallidumes was showed by CT in one case. Brain atrophy was not so obvious in three cases on MRI. One case showed increased signal surrounding both lateral ventricles of the brain on T2 weighted images. Biopsy,narked changes in the frontal lobe in one case,and in the occiptal lobe in another case were observed,with disappearance of nerve cells and extensive astroglial proliferation and spongiform state. Anti PrP immunocytochemistry had detected PrP deposits in the one biopsy,but the 14 3 3 brain protein was negative in CSF. The diagnosis of CJD was made clinically, but the 14 3 3 brain protein was suspicious one time and negative in another test. It suggested that CJD in Chinese patients may consist of the following features: 1. The onset was comparatively early in age. 2. The onset was acute. 3. Visual and cerebellar signs appeared comparatively early besides mental and myoclonic changes,but signs of pyramidal damage were not obvious relatively. 4. Brain atrophy was not remarkable. 5. Farther study with MRI should be carried out. 6. Negative 14 3 3 brain protein test could not rule out CJD.

Objective To recognize the developments and achievements of the clinical neuropathology in China from 1955 to 2009.Methods Retrospective survey of literatures related clinical neuropathology published in Chinese Journal of Neurology (CJN) from the first issue in 1955 to the No.12 issue in 2009 was conducted; Total literatures of CJN and literatures of the clinical neuropathology were respectively counted and the percentage of the latter was analyzed in different periods; Proportion of autopsy and biopsy literatures was also analyzed.According to categories of nervous system diseases,their relative percentages were respectively counted.The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures and autopsy literatures of CJN were compared with the data of the same period of J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (JNNP).Results (1) The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures in total literatures of CJN were 18.11％ (65/359),20.81％ (103/495),17.05％ (22/129),15.50％ (230/1484),11.58％ (176/1520) and 16.04％ (309/1927),respectively,in 1955-1959,1960-1969,1970-1979,1980-1989,1990-1999,2000-2009.The percentage variation trend in different periods from 1955 to 2009 had significant difference (trend x2 =7.977,P =0.005) ; But there was no significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP from 1955 to 2009.(2) The percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN from 1995 to 2009 appeared gradually to decline; Compared with JNNP,the percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN during 1980-2009 were lower,and there was significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP.(3) The main types of neurological diseases in the neuropathological literatures were tumors,infectious diseases and cerebrovascular diseases from 1955 to 1989,while myopathies became the most main disease type during 1990-2009; Compared with the same period JNNP,the clinical neuropathological literatures of the rare and difficult diseases and neurodegenerative diseases in CJN were relatively less.Conclusions Neuropathology is important in the clinical neuroscience research.From 1955 to 2009,main achievements of clinical neuropathological researches in China mainland lie in tumors,cerebrovascular diseases,infectious diseases and myopathies.But in recent years,due to the lack of autopsy cases,it is to the disadvantage of exploring pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and understanding some rare and difficult diseases.