Psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the phathogenesis and expressions of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Recent studies have demonstrated that 5 specific psychosocial entities are most relevant: (1)depression, (2)anxiety; (3)personality factors and character traits; (4)social isolation, and (5)chronic life stress. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate a significant prospective relationship between the occurrence of major depression and the cardiac events. Increasing evidence now links anxiety disorders to the development of CVD events in general populations. Although type A behavior is continuously found to be positively related with increased risk of CVD, a series of studies have reported no correlation between type A behavior and CVD risk. However, hostility, a major attribute of the type A behavior pattern, is considered to be more pathogenic. Social isolation characterized mainly by a relatively small social network has been shown to be associated with increase in the incidence of CVD over time. Finally, chronic life stress, particularly the work-related stress, proved to be closely related to CVD risk.The pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosocial factors on the pathogenesis of CVD are: ( 1 ) excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, (2) triggering of myocardial ischemia; (3) promotion of arrhythmogenesis, (4)stimulation of platelet function, and (5)deterioration of endothelial function.

INTRODUCTIONRenal infarction is a rare and easily missed disease. There is even less meaningful information on renal infarction in the Asian population. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of the disease in Asian patients.

CLINICAL PICTUREOver a period of 10 years, 38 Chinese patients with renal infarction diagnosed by contract-enhanced CT or angiography were enrolled in this study. Their demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory and image results, risk factors or suspected causes, treatment and final outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. The results were also compared with the analogous Western data. The mean age of the sample population was 60.8 +/- 17.6 years, with patients aged over 50 years and males predominating. The most common symptoms/signs were abdominal (57.9%) and flank pain/tenderness (50%). Only 23.7% of patients had suffered previous thromboembolic events such as coronary or peripheral artery diseases, or cerebral infarction. Cardiogenic factors, such as atrial fibrillation, intra-cardiac thrombus, infective endocarditis and valvular heart disease, were the main causes of renal infarction (57.9%). The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated serum LDH (92.1%) and proteinuria (76.3%). Only half of the cases involved haematuria at initial presentation.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOMEOne-third of the sample suffered renal impairment after the renal infarction. Overall mortality rate during admission was 13.2% (n = 5). The cause of death was usually not the renal infarction itself but rather the underlying disease and its complications. There was no difference in outcome for anticoagulation treatment with or without thrombolytics. Compared to their Western counterparts, the proportion of males (71.1% versus 48.3%) and bilateral renal infarctions (31.6% versus 12.4%) were significantly higher, and the percentage of leukocytosis (50% versus 85%) significantly lower in our Asian patients.

CONCLUSIONClinical presentation of renal infarction is usually non-specific and differs for Asian and Western populations. In our Asian patients, the most common clinical characteristics were abdominal pain/tenderness, flank pain/tenderness, elevated serum LDH and proteinuria. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative because of the high rate of renal impairment and associated mortality. If this disease is suspected, contrast-enhanced CT is suggested to exclude or confirm renal infarction and anticoagulation alone is currently the favored treatment.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Aged ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Flank Pain ; etiology ; Humans ; Infarction ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; ethnology ; Kidney ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Taiwan ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of rutin against platelet activating factor (PAF) induced platelet aggregation, 5-HT release and intra-platelet free calcium concentration.

METHODSThe rate of washed rabbit platelet (WRP) aggregation was measured by turbidimetry and O-phthaldialdehyde (OPT) fluoro-spectrophotometry (FSPM) was used to determine 5-HT content. The intraplatelet free calcium concentration was measured with Fura-2/AM FSPM assay.

RESULTSRutin in vitro was concentration-dependently inhibiting PAF (9.55 x 10(-9) mol/L) induced WRP aggregation, the IC50 of 5-HT release was 0.73, 1.13 mmol/L respectively and the intraplatelet free calcium concentration elevation evoked by PAF (4.78 x 10(-10) mol/L) were inhibited by 68.3, 136, 274, 545 mumol/L of rutin dose-dependently.

CONCLUSIONRutin could inhibit PAF induced platelet aggregation, 5-HT release and the increase of intraplatelet free calcium.

Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Male ; Platelet Activating Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rutin ; pharmacology ; Serotonin ; metabolism

Animals ; Chlorine ; toxicity ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Poly ( duenedumethylammonuum chlorude ) ( PDDA ) functuonaluzed sulver nanopartucles ( AgNPs ) prepared wuth PDDA as the protectuve and reductuve agents was combuned wuth graphene oxude ( GO ) to prepare PDDA functuonaluzed cubuc sulver nanopartucles ( C-AgNPs)/GO composute, whuch was then modufued on a glassy carbon electrode ( GCE) to form C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO/GCE. The surface morphologues of dufferent modufued electrodes were characteruzed by scannung electron mucroscope ( SEM ) , and theur correspondung cycluc voltammetruc ( CV) behavuors were unvestugated, unducatung that the composute of C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO exhubuted excellent electrocatalytuc oxudatuon actuvuty to DA and NO-2 . By usung dufferentual pulse voltammetry, the responses of C-AgNPs-PDDA/GO/GCE were lunear un the ranges of 0 . 030-0 . 300 μmol/L and 0 . 300-300 μmol/L wuth detectuon lumut of 9. 8 nmol/L (S/N=3) for DA, and 30. 0-2300 μmol/L wuth detectuon lumut of 12. 6 μmol/L (S/N=3) for NO-2, respectuvely. The modufued electrode dusplayed good selectuvuty, reproducubuluty and stabuluty, and could be used for the sumultaneous determunatuon of DA and NO-2 un human serum samples wuth recoverues of 97. 4%-104. 2% and 98. 0%-102. 8%, respectuvely. Compared wuth spectrophotometruc method, the determunatuon results were satusfactory, showung that the modufued electrode possessed a potentual applucatuon value.

Though the coronavirus disease is still raging in 2021, clinical research on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did not stop. However, benefiting from advances in lung cancer treatment modality, NSCLC patients have experienced significant improvements in overall survival and quality of life. Currently, research advances on targeted therapy and immunotherapy have together transformed the status of postoperative adjuvant therapy and established a new standard treatment modality for resectable NSCLC. There are equally important research advances in locally advanced and advanced NSCLC, including new treatment modalities, new therapeutic agents, etc., all of which bringing more options for clinical treatment. These therapies will bring changes to NSCLC and will gradually lead to the chronicity of lung cancer in the foreseeable future. Therefore, this paper reviews important studies that will change clinical practice in NSCLC treatment and noteworthy research advances in 2021.
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Quality of Life

In order to simplify the technique of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and apply extracorporeal life support ( ECLS) broadly for assisting the treatment of severe respiratory failure patients, we have developed a blood-gas exchanger (BGE) with the characteristics of small volume and simple structure. The exchange between blood and gas of BGE adopts cross-flowing model; blood flows along the outer hollow fiber and gas flows in the inner hollow fiber with the reverse direction of blood flowing. The interface of blood flow in and out was designed as the internal spiral, and the caliber of BGE is matched with the blood interface of dialysis. Thus it may successfully make single-use spiral connectors link up mutually in the extracorporeal blood circulation of dialysis, may help clinical operations become safe, convenient and easily-controlled, and may simplify the technique of EGMO.
Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Equipment Design ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Life Support Care ; instrumentation ; Oxygen ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of icariin, from aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules.

METHODSMouse inflammation model in vitro was established by stimulating macrophage cell line RAW264. 7 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and the inflammation model in vivo was established by stimulating C57BL/6J mouse with LPS. Taking dexamethasone as the positive control, both models were treated with icariin, and the cell viability in model mice was detected with CCK-8 kit; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell culture medium and serum were detected by ELISA; nitric oxide (NO) in cell culture medium by Griess Reagent method; CD11b expression on the surface of neutrophil in mice by flow cytometry, and pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration in mice by pathological section as well.

RESULTSin vitro studies showed that icariin at the doses of 1 microg/mL, 10 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL, all displayed no cytotoxicity (P < 0.01); 10 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL icariin effectively lowered the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 (P < 0.01) in medium; and 100 microg/mL icariin significantly reduced level of NO (P < 0.01) in medium. in vivo studies showed that icariin at the dose of 20 mg/kg significantly lowered serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01), reduced the average fluorescence intensity of adhesion molecules CD11b (P < 0.01), and alleviated pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration.

CONCLUSIONIcariin is a safe and effective natural anti-inflammatory drug, its partial mechanism is possible the multiple links intervention on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NO) and adhesion molecules (CD11b).

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; CD11b Antigen ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Lung transplantation is the only effective treatment of most end-stage lung diseases. Airway anastomotic complications are the main obstacles affecting the postoperative survival and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. Airway anastomotic stenosis is the most common airway anastomotic complication after lung transplantation. In recent years, improvements in the recipient selection, organ preservation, surgical techniques, postoperative intensive care management, immunosuppression, antifungal and endoscopic treatment have decreased the incidence of airway anastomotic stenosis and improved the surgical efficacy of lung transplantation and the survival of the recipients. In this article, the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of airway anastomotic stenosis after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide novel ideas for clinical research, diagnosis and treatment of airway anastomotic stenosis following lung transplantation.

Liver metastases (LMs) are common in lung cancer. Despite substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of patients with LM remains low as the immune-suppressive microenvironment of the liver allows tumor cells to evade the immune system. The impact of LMs on the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors has been the main focus of recent translational and clinical research. Growing evidence indicates that the hepatic microenvironment delivers paracrine and autocrine signals from non-parenchymal and parenchymal cells. Overall, these microenvironments create pre- and post-metastatic conditions for the progression of LMs. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiology, physiology, pathology and immunology, of LMs associated with non-small cell lung cancer and the role and potential targets of the liver microenvironment in LM in each phase of metastasis. Additionally, we reviewed the current treatment strategies and challenges that should be overcome in preclinical and clinical investigations. These approaches target liver elements as the basis for future clinical trials, including combinatorial interventions reported to resolve hepatic immune suppression, such as immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, immunotherapy plus radiotherapy, immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis therapy, and surgical resection.