OBJECTIVE: To construct a technological platform of 2-dimensional tumor microvascular architecture phenotype (2D-TAMP) expression. METHODS: Thirty samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were collected after surgery. The corresponding sections of tumor tissue specimens to the slice of CT perfusion imaging were selected. Immunohistochemical staining,Gomori methenamine silver stain, and electron microscope observation were performed to build a technological platform of 2D-TMAP expression by detecting the morphology and the integrity of basement membrane of microvasculature, microvascular density, various microvascular subtype, the degree of the maturity and lumenization of microvasculature, and the characteristics of immunogenetics of microvasculature. RESULTS: The technological platform of 2D-TMAP expression was constructed successfully. There was heterogeneity in 2D-TMAP expression of non-small cell lung cancer. The microvascular of NSCLC had certain characteristics. CONCLUSION 2D-TMAP is a key technology that can be used to observe the overall state of micro-environment in tumor growth.
Capillaries ; ultrastructure ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Phenotype ; Regional Blood Flow ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the systemic influence after an island flap with venous congestion-reperfusion.

METHODSAn island flap was formed in a Rat model. The vein in the pedicle was clamped for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours and released. The ear microcirculation, levels of TNF alpha and IL-10 were measured, and the neutrophils sequestration in tissues were counted. The vascular structure of the lung and intestine were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were significant changes in the ear microcirculation, neutrophils sequestration of the lung and the intestine in the 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours groups, and became more serious by the time increasing. The TNF alpha level reached in maximum at 1 hour after the reperfusion, while the IL-10 became to the lowest level at 3 hours after the reperfusion. However, the TNF alpha and IL-10 levels were significant high in the 6 hour and 10 hours groups, compared with the 2 hours group and the control, but there was no differences between the2 hours group and the control.

CONCLUSIONSVenous congestion-reperfusion of flap could injury the remote organs such as lung, intestinal etc. The injury could be more serious with the time increasing.

Animals ; Constriction ; Ear ; blood supply ; Hyperemia ; complications ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo study the bloody flow mode and the perfusion feature of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) on 64 multi-slice CT, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined scores in SPN.

METHODSFifty-two patients with SPN proved by pathology or follow-up underwent dynamic enhancement CT. Perfusion characteristics, including permeability (P), blood flow, blood volume, patlak blood volume, patlak R square (PRS), patlak residual, peak enhancement, perfusion curve, and false color image were analyzed by the body perfusion software. Perfusion characteristics were compared between benign and malignant nodules. Combined scores composed of significant difference observed parameters were used to differentiate benign or malignant SPN.

RESULTSThere were significant differences in the enhancement values at 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, and 34s, PRS, I or II type perfusion curve, and marginal uncomplete enhancement or patchy complete enhancement at 34s between benign and malignant SPN. With the multi-variant combined score > 0.5 as the threshold value to differentiate benign and malignant SPN, its sensitivity and specificity was 94.3% and 41.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe combined scores of 64 multi-slice CT can help differentiate the benign or malignant SPN.

Blood Volume ; Blood Volume Determination ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Permeability ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIMTo study the effect of ischemic preconditioning on lung injury following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the hind limbs of rats.

METHODSWistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): control group,limbs ischemia/reperfusion (LI/R) group, ischemia preconditioning (IPC) group and L-NAME group. At the end of the experiment, blood/gas analysis and the contents of serum MDA, NO, ET and lung tissue MDA, NO, ET, MPO were measured. Meanwhile, lung index and W/D) of lung were measured.

RESULTSAfter the rats' hind limbs suffered ischemia/reperfusion, the level of PaO2 decreased and the values of W/D, LI, MPO of the lung issure and MDA, NO, ET of plasma and lung all increased significantly in the LI/R group; but the ratio of NO/ET decreased. Compared with LI/R group, the contents of NO and ratio of NO/ET increased but other parameters decreased in the IPC group. Compared with IPC group, the contents of NO and ratio of NO/ET decreased, but other parameters increased in the L-NAME group.

CONCLUSIONThe IPC can attenuate lung injury following IR in the hind limbs of rats, which may correlated with the increase of NO.

Acute Lung Injury ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the lung and its vasculature in virtual surgery for lung cancer.

METHODSFrom May 2015 to August 2015, 24 patients with non-small cell lung cancer underwent surgical treatment in our department. The patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 in each group). For the patients in the experimental group, 3D models were reconstructed by surface rendering based on thoracic CT scanning data using Mimics software on a personal computer, and manipulations of the structures were simulated on the models before the operation. For the patients in the control group, surgeries were performed according to the conventional scheme. The operation time, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe 3D models of lung cancer consisting of the thoracic bone, lungs, tumor, tracheobronchial tree, and pulmonary vessels were reconstructed successfully. The models had highly geometrical similarity and offered excellent 3D view of the morphological characteristics of the tumor and the spatial relationship between the adjacent structures. The models allowed editing and provided vivid view during the simulated operation of tumor excision to facilitate individualized surgical planning and reduce the surgery risks. All the patients underwent tumor resection smoothly without perioperative death or incidences of postoperative hemorrhage or infection. The operation time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05) but the blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe individualized lung cancer modeling can facilitate the evaluation of preoperative risks and allows for more accurate surgical planning.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; surgery ; Models, Anatomic ; Operative Time ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVETranscatheter arterial chemotherapy and embolization is the main method in the treatment of lung cancer, but most of the reports do not study individually to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hypovascular and hypervascular lung cancer. The pre-embolization perfusion of hemotherapeutics is still being used routinely and seldom report to iodized oil embolization. The article summarized the quality of life after the treatment, clinical efficiency, survival time and complications to evaluate the clinical effect of primary hypervascular NSCLC treated with embolization of emulsion of chemotherapeutics and iodized oil.

METHODSThe study totally analyzed 41 cases which confirmed by pathology and follow up study from January, 2008 to January 2009. The CT scan with IV contrast demonstrates over moderate enhanced lesion which indicate hypervascular. Within the 41 cases, 23 cases of central, 18 cases of peripheral. Suqamous carcinoma 21 cases, adenocarcinoma 15 cases and squamoadenocarcinoma 5 cases. Stage IIIb 34 cases, stage IV 7 cases. Superselective incubation with microcatheter under DSA, to embolize the capillary bed with liquefied iodized oil and the emulsion of pharmorubicin, to embolize the supply artery of the tumor with gelatin foam microparticle. The liquefied iodized oil 5 mL-10 mL, pharmorubicin 10 mg-30 mg. The longest follow up is 12 months and to compare with the references of 2007-2009.

RESULTSThe KPS is widely acclaimed after the treatment (P < 0.05), no complete response (CR), 31 cases of partial response (PR), 7 cases of no change (NC) and 3 cases of progressive disease (PD), the total efficiency (CR+PR) is 75.6%. The clinical efficiency (CR+PR+NC) is 92.68%. 33 cases of total survival tome over 12 months (80.48%), IIIb stage 29/34 (85.29%), IV stage 4/7 (57.14%). 1 case with severe complication-spinal injury.

CONCLUSIONTo treat primary hypervascular NSCLC with simple embolization of emulsion of chemotherapeutics and iodized oil is very useful and can avoid the side effect of chemotherapeutics. The key point to avoid spinal injury and other severe complications is to distinguish the spinal aretery and intratumor AV fistula by using superselective incubation with microcatheter under DSA.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; mortality ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Emulsions ; Female ; Humans ; Iodized Oil ; administration & dosage ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the structural characteristics and clinical significance of two-dimensional tumor microvascular architecture phenotype (2D-TMAP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThirty surgical specimens of NSCLC were collected. The sections of the tumor tissues corresponding to the slice of CT perfusion imaging were selected to construct the 2D-TMAP expression. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relation between the 2D-TMAP expression and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC.

RESULTSA heterogeneity was noted in the 2D-TMAP expression of NSCLC. The microvascular density (MVD) in the area surrounding the tumor was higher than that in the central area, but the difference was not statistically significant. The density of the microvessels without intact lumen was significantly greater in the surrounding area than in the central area (P=0.030). The total MVD was not correlated to tumor differentiation (r=0.042, P=0.831). The density of the microvessels without intact lumen in the surrounding area was positively correlated to degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (r=0.528 and 0.533, P=0.041 and 0.028, respectively), and also to the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ephrinB2, EphB4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (r=0.504, 0.549, 0.549, and 0.370; P=0.005, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.048, respectively). The degree of tumor differentiation was positively correlated to PCNA and VEGF expression (r=0.604 and 0.370, P=0.001 and 0.048, respectively), but inversely to the integrity of microvascular basement membrane (r=-0.531, P=0.033).

CONCLUSIONThe 2D-TMAP suggests the overall state of the micro-environment for tumor growth. The 2D-TMAP of NSCLC regulates angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation through a mesh-like structure, and better understanding of the characteristics and possible mechanism of 2D-TMAP expression can be of great clinical importance.

Adult ; Aged ; Capillaries ; ultrastructure ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Societies, Medical

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging and the cavity of microvessel in lung cancer. METHODS: Altogether 36 patients with malignant nodules who underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion scan were examined.The perfusion parameters were collected and compared with the microvessel density (MVD), the incomplete lumen MVD, and the differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patients were divided into a hyper-perfusion group and a hypo-perfusion group by the value of perfusion parameters. The maturity of microvessel and the degree of differentiation in NSCLC between the 2 groups was analyzed. RESULTS: Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and peak enhancement image(PEI) of the malignant nodules were (39.7±11.5) mL/(100 mg.min), (8.6±3.8)mL/100 g, and (20.1±8.6)HU, respectively. There was a positive correlation between PEI and MVD(r=0.645,P<0.01), and a negative correlation between BF and MVD(r=-0.280,P=0.048). There were negative correlations of BF, BV, PEI with the incomplete lumen MVD (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.882,P<0.01).The incomplete lumen MVD of the hyper-perfusion group was significantly lower than that of hypo-perfusion group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in MVD between the 2 groups. There were negative correlations of BF, BV,PEI with the degree of differentiation (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.751,P<0.01). CONCLUSION Multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging is helpful to evaluate the degree of differentiation and status of angiogenesis in lung cancer, and its basis is the cavity of microvessel.
Capillaries ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

It is the infent of this study to establish a simple method for cultivation of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(PMVECs) and investigate the viscoelasticity of PMVECs. First, we obtained rat's peripheral pulmonary tissue, which then was cut into small pieces and cultured with 3 ml DMEM containing 20% bovine calf serum, 90 U/ml heparin, 4 mmol L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin. Next, moved away the pulmonary tissue pieces 60 h later, and started passage 2-4 days after continued culture. Last, digested and separated PMVECs and studied viscoelastic coefficients of PMVECs by using micropipette aspiration technique. The results revealed that the cultured PMVECs showed regular cobblestone morphology and conformed with endothelial cells morphological characterization by phase contrast microscopy. PMVECs elastic modulus K1 was 49.3 +/- 9.2 Pa, K2 was 73.2 +/- 24.8 Pa, and it's viscosity factor mu was 19.2 +/- 7.2 Pa. s. These data demonstrate that it is feasible to cultivate PMVECs with tissue pieces method, and PMVECs is of greater rigidity.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Elasticity ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; physiology ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Viscosity