Objective To analyze the methylation status of MUC2 gene in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and peripheral blood of pancreatic carcinoma patients,and to explore the role of MUC2 methylation in the early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell lines of SW1990,ASPC,PANC1,BxPC3,PaTu8988 and CFPAC1,and 40 peripheral blood samples of pancreatic carcinoma patients,15 cases of chronic pancreatitis,25 cases of normal controls were collected,and the methylation status of MUC2 gene was detected by methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease PCR.Results MUC2 methylation was not detected in PANC1,BxPC3,PaTu8988,but was detected in ASPC,CFPAC1,SW1990.Among the peripheral blood samples,the rate of methylation in pancreatic cancer was 40.O%(n=16),in chronic pancreatitis was 0%,in normal controls was 4.0%(n=1),and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The methylation of MUC2 gene CpG islands for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma had a sensitivity of 40%,specificity of 97.5%,accuracy of 68.8%,positive predictive value of 94.1%and negative predictive value of 61.9%.Conclusions The detection of MUC2 hypermethylation in peripheral blood samples may be an potential marker for early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)for benign and malignant bile duct stricture.Methods Data of 51 patients who underwent EUS from January 2007 to March 2015 due to distal biliary stricture were retrospectively studied.And their diagnosis with EUS,IDUS,bile duct cytological brushing and final diagnosis were compared.Results Malignant bile duct stenosis were finally confirmed in 19 cases and benign stenosis were confirmed in 32 cases.The sensitivity (73.7％ VS 57.1％) and positive predictive value (73.7％ VS 57.1％) of EUS for the benign and malignant diagnosis of biliary tract stenosis were significantly higher than that of IDUS (P＜0.05),while their specificity(84.4％ VS 84.2％)and accuracy(80.4％ VS 76.9％)were similar.The sensitivity of EUS was significantly higher than that of bile duct cytological brushing (73.7％ VS 50.0％),while their specificity (84.4％ VS 100.0％)and accuracy(80.4％ VS 81.6％)were similar.EUS findings of hypoechoic mass features had higher diagnostic accuracy for detecting malignant distal bile duct stricture than irregular thickening of the lumen in the distal bile duct (100.0％ VS 64.3％,P＜0.05).Conclusion For patients with lesions of the distal bile duct that CT/MRI could not diagnose,EUS has an important value for the further diagnosis of benign and malignant bile duct stricture.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors,treatment and follow-up of capsule retentions after capsule endoscopy examination.Methods A total of 1 100 capsule enteroscopic examinations,performed at our hospital from October 2006 to March 2013,were retrospectively studied.The positive findings of lesions, clinical indications of capsule endoscopy,treatment and follow-ups were recorded.Results The incidence of capsule retentions was 1.18%(n =13).The rates of capsule retentions in OGIB,suspected Crohn′s disease (CD),known CD,suspected tumors and chronic abdominal pain were 0.95%,4.0%,10.5%,7.1% and 0.3%,respectively.In 11 patients,the capsule was removed by means of double-balloon enteroscopy,the cap-sule was removed surgically in one patient,and spontaneous expulsion occurred in another patient after 1 year of treatment.Risk factors for capsule retention were known or suspected CD and suspected tumor(OR =11.44, P =0.02;OR =5.59,P =0.02),and suspected tumor was also a risk factor(OR =7.42,P =0.04).Conclu-sion Capsule endoscopy is a safe procedure with low risk of capsule retentions.Advantages and disadvantages of capsule endoscopy examinations should be considered carefully when high-risk patients are involved.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of double balloon enteroscopy( DBE) in retrieval of retained capsule and identify the factors associated with successful retrieval. Methods A total of 23 consecutive retention cases who received retrieval of retained capsules by DBE from January 2010 to December 2013 were reviewed. They were assigned to success group and failure group. The differences in insertion route, insertion depth, lesion location between the two groups were analyzed. Results Fifteen cases of all 23 retention cases were successfully retrieved and the success rate was 65?2%. There was no significant difference in the mean entrapped period of CE between the two groups [20?0(15?0,57?0)d VS 21?0(16?0,240?0) d,P=0?525]. DBE via oral route exhibited remarkable higher success rate than anal route [ 71?4%( 15/21) VS 0/5, P=0?007] . Compared with ileum, it was easier to take out CE located at jejunum( 8/8 VS 7/13, P=0?046 ) and the insertion depth was significantly less in the success group [(167?3±33?8)cm VS (258?3±23?9) cm, P=0?041]. Whether the capsule was in pelvic cavity shown by x?ray film before the surgery was irrelevant to the successful rate(9/14 VS 5/6,P=0?613) and insertion depth of the DBE on access to the capsule[(132?0±68?6) cm VS (200?0±40?3) cm, P=0?376],or to the actual location of the capsule. Conclusion Peroral DBE is an effective method for removal of retained CE and the success rate isn′t relevant to the entrapped period. Retained CE locates in ileum and jejunum is more difficult to be taken out than in duodenum.