Objective: To examine the effect of attributional style on individual’s state anxiety after failure. Methods: Rosenberg self-esteem scale was applied to select 122 subjects from 216 college students. The question was solved by combining the method of questionnaire inquiry with an experiment, and the data was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Results: ①From t-test, the mean score of low self-esteem subjects’ attributional style was 14.69, and that of high selfesteem is 12.93; ②From ANOVA, the anxiety difference, the main effect of self-esteem, attributional style and their interactive effects were significant, respectively F(1,118)=7.56,P