Objective To study the antitumor activity of steroid saponins,such as Rhizoma Paridis saponins,Rhizoma Paridis saponin Ⅰ,and diosgenin,extracted from Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis against lung adenocarcinoma cells.Methods Taking mouse lung adenocarcinoma LA795 cell line and its T739-bearing mice as models,the antitumor activity of steroid saponins of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis against lung adenocarcinoma cells was carried out in vitro and in vivo.The inhibitory activity of Rhizoma Paridis saponins,Rhizoma Paridis saponin Ⅰ,and diosgenin on the LA795 cell line was studied by means of MTT assay and their antitumor effects in vivo were carried on inbred strains of mice(T739) affected by LA795 metastatic lung cancer.Results The MTT assay of in vitro cytotoxicity of Rhizoma Paridis saponins,Rhizoma Paridis saponin Ⅰ,and diosgenin showed strong cytotoxicity against the growth of LA795 cells.IC50 Values were 24.33 ?g/mL,1.85,and 149.75 ?mol/L,respectively.The tumor weight in all treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group and the inhibition of tumor growth were 41.82%,29.44%,and 33.94% in their high-dose groups.The metastasis of tumor cells was inhibited by different degrees in treated groups.Conclusion Steroid saponins of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis have tumoricidal activity on lung adenocarcinoma cell line,both in vitro and in vivo.

Background Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) was a new procedure which is miniinvasion and flapless,but few attentions were paid to the visual quality after SMILE.To understand the changes of intraocular straylight after SMILE is of important significance for the assession of the visual quality after the procedure.Objective This study was to compare the characteristic of straylight between SMILE and femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LAISK) after surgery.Methods A retrospective study was designed.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to accepting the surgery.One hundred and twenty-seven eyes of 68 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2011 to July 2013.SMILE was performed on 64 eyes of 35 patients and FS-LASIK was carried out in 63 eyes of 33 patients at the same period.Stray light was detected with C-Quant stray light meter before and 1 week,1 month and 6 months after surgery.The changes of stray light values following the surgery were compared between the two groups,and the correlations between postoperative stray light values with operative parameters were analyzed.Results The mean stray light values were (1.03 ±0.19)D and (0.95±0.16)D at 1 week and 1 month after surgery,which were higher than (0.88 ±0.18)D at preoperation in the FS-LASIK group (P =0.000,0.012).The stray light values were (0.98±0.16),(0.95±0.14) and (0.94±0.16)D at 1 week,1 month or 6 months after surgery,and no statistically significant differences were found in comparison with (0.91 ±0.15)D in preoperation in the SMILE group (all at P＞0.05).No significant intergroup difference was seen in the stray light values (Fgroup =0.077,P=0.781).The stray light differences of various time points after surgery and before surgery were increased in the FS-LASIK group compared with SMILE group (Fgroup =14.798,P＜0.001),with the significant difference in postoperative 1 week between the two groups (P＜0.01).The negative correlations were found between stray light values at 1 week,1 month and 6 months after SMILE with the lenticule thickness/central corneal thickness (CCT) (R2=0.123,0.145,0.098,all at P＜0.05) or between stray light change.Conclusions Intraocular stray light appears less change in operative eyes after SMILE.However,intraocular stray light increases in the eyes received FS-LASIK,especially at early stage after operation.The stray light shifts return to normal with the lapse of postoperative time.

Objective To establish a novel flow cytometric crossmatch assay allowing detection of complement-fixing donor specific anti-HLA IgG alloantibodies (Flow cytometry complement-dependent crossmatch,Flow-CDC). Methods One hundred pretransplant crossmatchings were performed using Flow-CDC and NIH-CDC between 62 patients awaiting renal transplantation and 33 donor cells.These crossmatchings were divided into two groups according to PRA.Group 1 consisted of 25 sera with negative PRA,and group 2 consisted of 75 sera with positive PRA.All of the sera were pretreated with DTT to inactivate IgM. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (or,in a few instances,from the spleen) of the cadaveric donors. The correlation between different techniques for detection of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies was evaluated.The effect of both methods on clinical transplantation outcome was observed. Results In group 1,NIH-CDC and Flow-CDC were negative for all 25 sera.In group 2,24 (32.0%) had a positive NIH-CDC,31 (41.3%) had a positive Flow-CDC.There was a significant difference between two methods (?2=5.14, P= 0.016 ).Overall concordance between both tests was 93% with 69 concordant negatives and 24 concordant positives. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.80.In group 2,5 patients received transplantation. One of them with negative NIH-CDC and positive Flow-CDC suffered from acute rejection after transplantation and lost the graft,and the other patients with negative NIH-CDC and Flow-CDC had good outcome. Conclusions Flow-CDC can detect specifically complement-fixing IgG alloantibodies against donor HLA and is more sensitive than NIH-CDC.Additionally,the computer printouts represent a permanent record of the crossmatch for retrospective review.Flow-CDC may become the standard crossmatch method as a possible alternative to conventional NIH-CDC testing.

Objective To investigate the statistical methods used in nursing papers for bachelor's degree. Method We collected 160 nursing theses for bachelor's degree in 2016 in our college and analyze the statistical methods. Results A total of 80 papers used statistical methods consisting of statistical table, statistical inference, single factor analysis, variance analysis and statistical description. Among them, the statistical methods in 66 papers (82.5%) were misused. About 139 misuses of statistical tables was found in papers, and about 23 misuses of statistical inference in papers, taking up 45.4%. Conclusions The nursing undergraduates are familiar with the application of statistical methods, but the methods tend to be simple and unitary. Therefore, it is a need to enhance their practice in using statistical methods.

Objective To identify the changes of outpatients/emergency visits at Nanjing Children′s Hospital since introduction of the general pricing reform at public hospitals.Methods Fluctuations of outpatients/emergency visits at Nanjing Children′s Hospital before and after the reform in 2015 were compared,and an empirical analysis was made in view of the overall structural changes,demand price elasticity and cross-price elasticity of various outpatients/emergency visits.Results The change of total outpatients/emergency visits was minimal,yet the composition registered significant changes.Monthly average of common outpatients totaled 7 072 visits,a growth of 12.6%;that of senior specialists totaled 3 035 visits,a growth of 48.4%.The price elasticity was<1,while the demand for various outpatients/emergency visits services and cross-price elasticity appeared inelastic.Conclusions The one year reform has witnessed the hospital in smooth operations as yet.Given the sizable rise of examination prices for both outpatients/emergency visits,patient volume remains stable instead of drastic decrease,evidencing the strong demand for children′s medical services.

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated encephalitis is a kind of autoimmune encephalitis mediated by anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, which belongs to anti-neuronal intracellular synaptic protein antibody-associated encephalitis. Clinical manifestations include stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, seizures, etc., often associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, rarely associated with tumors. Detection of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody is crucial for clinical diagnosis. Immunotherapy helps to relieve symptoms and improve prognosis. The incidence of this disease is low, and there are few reports at home and abroad. This paper intends to review the research on this encephalitis, hoping to improve the clinicians′ understanding and the level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of active carbon nanoparticles to guide breast cancer tiny lymphadenectomy.Methods 50 patients with breast cancer were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups by random number table.Active carbon particle was injected locally to guide the regional lymph nodes dissection in 25 cases as study group,and the traditional method was performed in 25 cases as observation group.Numbers of dissected lymph nodes were compared between two groups.Results The average number of eliminated small lymph nodes in the study group was dramatically more than that in the observation group[(23.60 ±4.61)vs. (14.60 ±5.16),t =3.47,P <0.05].There was significant difference between the study group and the observation group in the small ambulant lymph nodes[(5.80 ±1.49)vs.(2.89 ±1.66),t =2.91,P <0.05)].Conclusion Active carbon injected locally can eliminate not only more small lymph nodes,but also more small ambulant lymph nodes.

The brain pharmacokinetics of hyperoside and 1 , 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and the effects of acanthopanax senticosus leaves on neurotransmitters in cerebral ischemic rat brain were investigated. In the study, acute incompleteness cerebral ischemia model was developed by ligating the bilateral common carotid arteries of rats. The differences of brain pharmacokinetics of hyperoside and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid between control and cerebral ischemic rats were determined by online microdialysis coupled with MS/MS method. At the same time, the contents of glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5-HT) , dopamine ( DA) , and acetylcholine( Ach) in rat hippocampus among different groups were determined simultaneously in MRM mode. ACE 5 C18-AR column was used for separation. Results showed that the online analytical method had excellent linearity (R2>0. 99). The accuracy and precision could meet the analysis requirement. Besides, the hyperoside and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid penetrated the blood-brain barrier successfully and metabolized quickly, but the absorption reduced and elimination became faster in cerebral ischemic rats; the contents of Glu, Asp, GABA and DA in brain issue of cerebral ischemic rats decreased significantly ( p<0 . 01 ) and the level of Ach increased remarkably ( p<0 . 05 ) after a preventive medication with the extract of acanthopanax senticosus leaves for one week.

Objective: To study the effect of cytochrome P-450 4F2 (CYP4F2, rs2108622) gene polymorphisms in patients with warfarin for initial doses in 7 days.
Methods: A total of 271 patients treated by warfarin were studied. The CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms were assessed by real-time PCR, the average initial warfarin doses in 7 days and the time of international normalized ratio (INR) ifrst arrived to therapeutic range were recorded. The differences of initial warfarin doses and the time of INR ifrst arrived to therapeutic range among CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms of CC, CT and TT genotypes were analyzed by statistical method.
Results: The average initial warfarin doses among CYP4F2 polymorphisms of TT and CT/TT were higher than CC, P<0.05. The times of INR first arrived to therapeutic range in TT genotype was higher than CC genotype, P<0.05. With adjusted gender, age, body height and weight, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms, conditions of disease and medication, the effect of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on initial warfarin doses in 7 days were still with the statistic meaning (regression coefifcient=0.21, P=0.003).
Conclusion: CYP4F2 polymorphisms inlfuenced the initial warfarin doses in 7 days in relevant patients.

Objective To investigate the protective role of hydrogen sulfide and the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in a mouse model of myocarditis induced by Coxsachie -virus B3(CVB3).Methods A total of 110 five-week-old BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group, viral myocarditis group, sodium bisulfide (NaHS) group (50 μmol/kg) and DL-propargylglycine (PAG) group (40 mg/kg).The experimental model of viral myocarditis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CVB 3.Then the four groups were respectively administered with PBS , PBS, NaHS and PAG from day 1 to day 10 after infection.Blood and heart specimens were harvested from 10 mice of each group on day 4 and day 10 for evaluation of myocardial edema .The pathological changes in heart tis-sues were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Levels of H2 S, IL-6 and TNF-αwere measured by ELISA.The expressions of CSE and CVB 3 at mRNA level were determined by quantitative real time PCR ( qRT -PCR ) analysis and the expression of CSE at protein level was detected by Western blot .Results Compared with the control group , the levels of H2 S and the expressions of CSE at mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated in mice with CVB 3-induced myocarditis .With the treatment of NaHS , the levels of H 2 S in serum and tissue were both up-regulated , and the histopathological damage was alleviated .However , PAG as an irreversible CSE inhibitor inhibited the expressions of H 2 S and CSE and aggravated myocardial injury , inflammatory cells infiltration and interstitial edema .Moreover , the RT-PCR analysis also showed that the expression of CVB3 at mRNA level was inhibited by NaHS but enhanced by PAG .Conclusion The expres-sion of CSE/H2 S pathway is down-regulated in mice with CVB 3-induced viral myocarditis .PAG could pro-mote virus propagation and exacerbate the disease through inhibiting the production of endogenous H 2 S, while NaHS as a H2 S donor has a protective effect on infected myocardium by suppressing virus replication at an early stage .