Dysphagia is a common complication of stroke. Combining the principles of traditional Chinese medicine with modern research findings， it is proposed that "latent pathogen in the cerebral collaterals" constitutes the core pathogenesis of post-stroke dysphagia （PSD）. In clinical practice， treatment is tailored according to the location of PSD. During the oral stage， when the pathogen invades the face and mouth， resulting in excessive salivation， acupoints are primarily selected from the foot shaoyin （少阴） kidney channel， in combination with ren mai （任脉） ， du mai （督脉）， chong mai （冲脉） and the spleen channel， to replenish essence and fill the marrow， dispel dampness and unblock the channels. In the pharyngeal stage， as the pathogen obstructs the throat， disrupting normal swallowing， the therapy emphasizes dredging the shaoyang （少阳） channel and warming and tonifying the jueyin （厥阴） channel， by taking acupoints mainly from the hand and foot shaoyang channels， along with the jueyin channels， so as to soothe the liver and promote bile secretion， regulate and harmonize qi and blood. During the esophageal stage， where the pathogen damages the esophagus， impeding food passage， the treatment emphasizes activating the yangming （阳明） channels and regulating taiyin （太阴） channels； acupoints are mainly selected from the foot yangming stomach channel， along with the taiyin channels， aiming to warm yang， unblock the channels and dispel stasis.

The cost economics of early-stage lung cancer treatments is a key focus in the field of lung cancer. The primary treatment modalities for early-stage lung cancer include radiotherapy and thoracic surgery, each offering distinct advantages in therapeutic outcomes and costs. To better understand the cost-effectiveness of radiotherapy versus thoracic surgery for early-stage lung cancer, this paper reviews the progress of recent research on economic evaluations of these two treatment approaches.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors in China. Given their lack of obviously early symptoms, more than half of patients with cervical cancer are diagnosed in the middle and late stages of this malignancy, resulting in poor prognosis. Finding new therapeutic targets is the current research direction. Metabolomics, as a new omics technology, is expected to provide new targets for tumor precision diagnosis and treatment through the analysis of the changes and potential mechanisms of metabolites in tumor occurrence and development by chromatography, mass spectrometry, and other technologies. Herein, we review the research methods of metabolomics; metabolic characteristics of cervical cancer; and progress of the research on metabolomics in cervical cancer diagnosis, curative effect prediction, and prognosis evaluation to provide new ideas for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

This article elucidates therapeutic approaches for KRAS G12C-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer, with focus on global advancements in inhibitor research. It also summarizes clinical evidence on the efficacy of targeted agents in monotherapy and combination therapies, analyzes their clinical advantages and challenges, and explores future directions for novel treatment modalities.

Objective:To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 regulating miRNA-675 (miR-675) and phosphatase and tensin homologue-deleted chromosome ten gene (PTEN) on the cell proliferation of glioma.Methods:Glioma cell lines U87-MG and U251 were chosen. The siRNA online design tool wad used to design small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting H19. U87-MG and U251 cell lines with the stable knockdown of H19 were constructed (the stable knockdown of H19 group), and the cells randomly transfected with siRNA plasmid were taken as the control group, and normal cultured cells were treated as the blank group. Additionally, miR-675 and control microRNA were transfected into U87-MG and U251 with the stable knockdown of H19 (the overexpressing miR-675 group and the corresponding control group). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of miR-675 and H19 in each group; the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation ability; the dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-675 and PTEN; Western blot was used to detect the relative expression level of PTEN protein.Results:The MTT assay results showed that the proliferation ability of U87-MG and U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group was lower than that of the corresponding control group; and the differences in cell proliferation ability of all the groups after 48 h of culture were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). qRT-PCR detection results showed that the relative expression level of miR-675 in U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group and the corresponding control group was 0.329±0.009 and 1.043±0.087, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 14.15, P < 0.001); the relative expression level of miR-675 in U87-MG cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group and the corresponding control group was 0.299±0.009 and 1.027±0.106, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 11.85, P < 0.001); the relative expression level of miR-675 in U87-MG and U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group was lower than that of the corresponding control group. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that miR-675 could bind to the 3'-UTR of PTEN. Western blot detection results showed that the relative expression level of PTEN protein in U87-MG and U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group was higher than that of the corresponding control group and the blank group; in the U87-MG and U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group, the relative expression level of PTEN in the overexpressing miR-675 group was lower than that of the corresponding blank group and the control group. In the U87-MG and U251 cells in the stable knockdown of H19 group, the cell proliferation ability of the overexpressing miR-675 group was higher than that of the corresponding blank group and the control group; the differences in cell proliferation ability of all the groups after 48 h of culture were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:lncRNA H19 may regulate the cell proliferation of glioma cells through the miR-675-PTEN signaling pathway.

Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model cali-bration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the thera-peutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine"disease syndrome"and"macro micro"system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.

Gastric residual volume is an important factor affecting patients' enteral nutrition. Bedside ultrasound can quickly and accurately predict gastric residual volume, which helps guide enteral nutrition. This paper reviews the applicable population, construction process, predictive performance, and clinical application of the ultrasound prediction model for gastric residual volume, so as to provide reference for the construction and application of ultrasound prediction models for gastric residual volume in China.

Objective To identify easily confused Chinese herbal pieces by micro-macroscopical identification method,and study its application value in quality acceptance of Chinese herbal pieces in medical institutions.Methods Using the method of micro-macroscopical identification,with the help of related instruments,the microscopic characteristics of 10 groups of 31 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces,which were easy to be confused and could not be observed by naked eye and ordinary magnifying glass,were analyzed and summarized according to the classification of different medicinal parts,such as flowers,fruits,seeds,whole grass,roots and rhizomes,stems,and others,and pictures were taken to save them.Results The micro-characters of 10 groups of 31 easily confused Chinese herbal medicines,including Eriocauli flos,Eriocaulon sexangulare,Eriocaulon australe,Aurantii fructus,Citrus changshan-huyou,Chaenomelis fructus,Chaenomeles cathayensis,Perillae fructus,Perillae fructus(Physalis alba),Perillae fructus(Wild),Astragali complanati semen,Astragalus chinensis,Selaginellae herba,Selaginella pulvinata,Selaginella moellendorfii,Selaginella doederleinii,Selaginella uncinata,Lysimachiae herba,Lysimachia hemsleyana,Desmodium styracifolium,Dryopteris crassirhizoma,Woodwardia japonica,Brainea insignis,root of Valvate actinidia,Actinidia arguta,Tripterygium wilfordii,root of Romanet grape,Trogopterus dung,Bat dung,Hare dung and Silkworm sand were observed.The various traditional Chinese medicines possessed unique identification characteristics.Flower-based medicines could be studied for their color,tissue structure,and surface features such as texture and trichomes.Fruit-based medicines could be studied for their fruit peel structure,color,degree of development,and outer characteristics such as cuticle layer and wax.Seed-based medicines could be studied for their morphology,size,color,and texture.Whole plant-based medicines could be studied for leaf length-to-width ratio,widest point,surface characteristics,and splitting situation,as well as stem trichomes and stomata.Root-based medicines,rhizome-based medicines,and stem-based medicines could be studied for their bark,wood structure,and the morphology and arrangement of vascular bundles or ducts.Other kinds of medicines could be studied from their sources,and these unique micro-characteristic identification features could be easily discovered with the help of a microscope.Conclusion Compared with the traditional characteristic identification,micro-macroscopical identification is more capable of improving the accuracy of Chinese herbal pieces identification,which is economical,practical,simple and intuitive,and can be popularized as a commonly used identification method of herbal medicines in medical institutions,and it is a feasible solution to realize the rapid inspection of herbal medicines.

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a type of supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by uncoordinated atrial activation,ineffective atrial contraction.It has a high incidence rate and is often complicated by stroke,heart failure,and myocardial disease induced by tachycardia,causing a significant burden on patients and their families.Comprehensive management of AF is crucial for effectively reducing mortality,disability,and improving prognosis.However,traditional electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring often misses asymptomatic and paroxysmal AF at a higher possibility.In recent years,a new device for monitoring AF,insertable cardiac monitor(ICM),has emerged to overcome the limitations of traditional arrhythmia monitoring,for it provides real-time ECG monitoring and alerts for users.ICMs have been widely used in multiple medical senarios,primarily for patients with unexplained syn-cope,and recently they are adopted to monitor AF However,its role in AF monitoring has not received significant attention in clinical practice.Based on relevant literature,this article reviews the application effect of ICM in moni-toring AF and the latest research progress in the field and evaluates its advantages and disadvantages to provide some references for AF management.