The major progress on the study of etiology of the Hirschsprung's disease is the genetic factots and the aherations of microenvironment in primarily embryogenic period.The genetic factors comprise of RETGDNF system.EDNRB.EDN3 system,and many other genes involving in the formulation of the tormer two svstems.such as SOX10,NRG-1, FoxD3,PHOX2B,HOXB5,ZFHXIB,all of which file essencial for the migration and differentiation of neural crest cells(NCC).The alterations of microenvironment in primarily embryogenic period include interstitial ceLls of cajal(ICC),cell adhesion molecules(CAMLl),Ca2+ and so on.Definitely,CAML1 plays as the basis of NCC's migration and differentiation,and the decline of the Ca2+dependent channel's expression brings about the anolnaloug contraction of smooth muscle.

0 05).Conclusion The distribution frequency of bb type of VDR genotypes in Han populations of China was more prevalent,followed by Bb and bb types in turn.In the patients receiving long term glucocorticoid therapy,there is no significant difference in BMD between Bb and BB genotypes.The data suggest that the VDR genotypes may not be a means to identify patients at great risk of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis,which await to be further confirmed with a large sample size.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between microalbuminuria(MAU) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.MethodsThe urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured,and the cardiac autonomic function was detected using 24 hour ambulatory ECG spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 46 patients with diabetes and 31 normal control subjects.ResultsParameters of time and frequencydomain of HRV were reduced in patients with diabetes.The high frequency at night reflecting the cardiac vagus nerve function was significantly lower in diabetic patients than control group.In diabetic patients with MAU,the detected values of HRV were significantly decreased,combined vagosympathetic impairment occurred,and 24 hour rhythm from day to night in autonomic nervous activity disappeared.ConclusionMAU in diabetes is related with HRV.

Objective: To study the effect of catch up growth after semistarvation on insulin resistance in rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal chow group (NC given diet with 18.94% of calories as fat for 12 w); high fat group (HF, given diet with 50.55% of calories as fat for 12 w); food restriction group (FR, 50% of their normal spontaneous food for 4 w); refeeding normal chow group (RN, after 4 w semistarvation, given normal diet for another 8 w ); refeeding high fat diet group (RH, after 4 w semistavation, given high fat diet for 8 w). Changes of body weight, height, and food intake were recorded. At the end of experiment, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), the rate of abdominal fat (including perirenal fat and epididymal fat) vs weight, plasm protein, blood lipid (including total cholesterol and triglyceride) were detected. Results: There were 82.5% rats getting catch-up growth in refeeding groups. Body weight of both refeeding groups could not catch that of NC group, but the rate of visceral fat vs weight was higher than that of NC group, and this rate of RH group was close to that of HF group. The changes of visceral fat vs body weight were consistent with that of TG levels. All nutritional status except high fat diet could not influence total cholesterol levels. RH and RN group’s HOMAIR were higher than those of NC group and HF group. All groups have similar fastingglucose levels. Conclusion: Catch-up growth can induce insulin resistance, but is not consistent with fat accumulation and hypertriglyceridemia in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for medication consultation Wechat platform in the hospital. METHODS:The medication consultation Wechat platform of our hospital was introduced,including main method,content and effect. The consulting pharmacist team was set up,and Wechat public number was applied and operated experimentally;information pharmacist was re-sponsible for its daily maintenance. We released pharmacy news,accumulated consumers and expanded influence through other me-dia at regular intervals. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:According to the medical practice,two modules“medication consultation”and“pharmacy news”were set up. From Dec. 2014 to Jul. 30th 2015,medication consultation system had accumulated 1 121 con-sumers,with an increase of 5 to 8 ones everyday;average number of consultation records was 10 everyday;we also had published 22 batch of medication news(79 messages),including 31 original messages and 3 video messages. Several messages gained much attention from network media and offline media. As new pharmaceutical care mode,Wechat platform contribute to realize a individ-ual,convenient and mobile medication consultation service,medication health science popularization,and improves medication compliance of patients and the awareness of medication safety in field of pharmaceutical administration Wechat platform,so as to improve pharmaceutical care effect of“taking patients as the center”and promote the propaganda of hospital brand. Thus it has a good prospect of application and popularization.

Objective To observe the expression of estrogen receptors (ERαand ERβ) on gastric cancer cells and evaluate the effect of Tamoxifen(TAM) on the cell proliferation and expression of serine proteinase inhibitor 9(PI9) of gastric cancer cells . Methods PI9 positive expression(MNK45 ,SGC7901)and negative expression (BGC823)of gastric cancer cell lines were from pre‐liminary screened ,the expression of ERα and ERβ detected by immunofluorescence chemical method ,the cell proliferation and ex‐pression of PI9 were tested by CCK8 assay and reverse transcription‐PCR after intervention of TAM .Results ERαprotein expres‐sion was noted in MNK45 and SGC7901 ,ERβwas noted in BGC823 ,but the expression of ERαand ERβwere not appear to be obvi‐ous after the intervention of TAM .Tamoxifen could obviously inhibited cell proliferation of MNK45 and SGC7901 at concentration of 0 .1-100 .0 μmol/L ,the differences were statistically significant compared with negative control group (P<0 .05) ,but showed no dose‐dependent to the proliferation of BGC823 and MNK28 .After treating with TAM ,the expression of PI9 mRNA of SGC7901 (0 .402± 0 .020) and MNK45(0 .359 ± 0 .048) were obviously lower than that in the negatwe control group(P< 0 .05). Conclusion Tamoxifen could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PI9 positive expression than PI9 negative expression of gastric cancer cell lines ,and showed obviously dose‐dependent ,its role in inhibiting proliferation might closely related to immune tolerance improved by PI9 .

Objective To investigate whether the effect of pioglitazone on TNF-α-induced insulin resistance is associated with altering IRS-1-induced signaling. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with TNF-α for 24 hours with or without being pretreated with 10μM piglitazone for 6 hours or with pioglitazone alone.Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of 3T3 adipocytes was measured by using 2-deoxy 3H glucose.The Western blot was used to measure IRS-1, PKB, PKC-λ protein and tyrosine phosphorylation on IRS-1, PKB and PKC-λ phosphorylation. Results Both TNF-α and pioglitazone increased glucose uptake of 3T3 adipocytes under basal status.On TNF-α treated cells, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was decreased by about 50%, accompanied with the reductions of IRS-1 protein level, tyrosine-phosphorylation of IRS-1 and PKB phosphorylation.TNF-α treatment had no effect on PKC-λ phosphorylation. Pioglitazone pretreatment was able to antagonize TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3 adipocytes partly reverse IRS-1 protein, increase insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1,and increase phosphorylations of PKB and PKCλ. Conclusion TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is related to impaired tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Pioglitazone antagonizes the above TNF-α induced insulin resistance.

The effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on number and activity of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) from hone marrow stem cells (BMSC) of mice were investigated. 100 μ/ml AGEs markedly inhibited differentiation of BMSC into VEC with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 positive cells, hut 20 μg/ml AGEs had no effect.

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia has complicated manifestations and pathogenesis, and therefore clinicians should know its etiology and pathogenesis for safe medication. In this paper, we made a discuss on the etiology and pathogenesis of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia from both traditional Chinese and western medicine viewpoint hoping to provide references for clinical physicians.

In order to determine whether the variations in the calpain-10 gene constitutes risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Chinese, the frequency of UCSNP-43, 44 in 268 adults newly diagnosed with T2DM (according to the 1999 ADA criteria) and 153 non-diabetic control subjects was investigated. For all subjects, the height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio (W/H) and blood pressure, as well as following parameters were measured: (1) 75-g oral glucose tolerance test with insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c and blood lipid profiles; (2) Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes was genotyped for UCSNP-43 (calpain-10-g. 4852 G/A) and UCSNP-44 (calpain-10-g. 4841 T/C) by sequencing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified fragment. PCR product was selected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and then sequenced. The results showed that there was significant difference between T2DM group and normal control group in allele frequencies, haplotype frequencies, or haplotype combinations of UCSNP-43 and -44 either. But in newly diagnosed T2DM group, it was found that the individuals with the genotype UCSNP-44 T/C + C/C had significantly increased fasting and post-challenge insulin levels (Fins and P2hIns), consistent with reduced insulin sensitivity. In the BMI> 25 subgroup, the differences were even more significant. It was demonstrated that the Calpain-10 gene polymorphism UCSNP-44 was associated with insulin sensitivity and Fins and P2hIns in newly diagnosed T2DM, although Calpain-10 doesn't appear as a major diabetes susceptible gene in this population.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Calpain/*genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics