Objective Through analyzing the causes of iodine contrast agent extravasation,nursing managers develop effective solutions timely and take appropriate precautionary measures to ensure the safety of patients effectively.Methods 600 patients undergoing CT contrast enhanced scan were selected,300 patients from May 2009 to April 2010 were set as the control group and were given routine nursing care,300 patients from May 2010 to April 2011 were set as the study group and they adopted effective preventive measures.The incidence of adverse events after injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups was compared.Results The incidence of iodine contrast medium extravasation in the study group was significantly reduced to 2％ after taking a series of preventive measures,which was lower than 10％ of the control group.Conclusions Taking a series of preventive measures can reduce the incidence of adverse events of iodine contrast agent extravasation,ensure the safety of patients,decrease the frequency of nursing complaints and nursing deficiencies,as well as improve the quality of nursing service.

Objective To investigate nursing cooperation during gastric coronary vein embolization procedure with NBCA glue. Methods Perioperative nuusing experience in 36 hepatic cirrhosis patients complicated with esophagus-gastric fundus vein varicose rupture and hemorrhea who had undergone gastric coronary vein embolization procedure was retrospectively summarized. Results Operations in all 36 cases had been successful,with no severe complication due to inadequate nursing cooperation. Conclusions Gastric coronary vein embolization operation utilizing NBCA glue is a safe and effective method of hemostasis,skilled and elaborative nursing cooperation is an important component ensuring a smooth and effective operation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of puncture-related pain on the quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis through internal arteriovenous if stula. Methods: A total of 180 hemodialysis patients with the arteriovenous ifstula were surveyed by the kidney disease quality of life short form(KDQOL-SF1.3), demographic data questionnaire, visual analogue scale and pain self-effcacy questionnaire. Results: The median score of puncture-related pain was 5 and the score of pain self-efficacy was (31.42±14.59). The quality of life in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is poor. KDQOL-SF1.3 was (69.45±24.19), SF-36 was (49.82±19.17) and ESRD-targeted was (55.46±18.37). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the quality of life was positively correlated with the patient gender (β=0.152,P<0.05, OR=1.638, 95% CI 1.241–1.954), working position (β=0.307,P<0.05, OR=2.069, 95% CI 1.206–-3.148), using time of arteriovenous ifstula (β=?0.815, P<0.05, OR=0.223, 95% CI 0.095–0.741), the score of pain (β=-0.017,P<0.05, OR=1.004, 95% CI 0.886–1.431) and pain self-effcacy (β=-0.409,P<0.05, OR=0.803, 95% CI 0.710–0.984). hTere existed negative correlation between the quality of life score and the puncture-related pain score in these patients (r=-0.472,-0.465,-0.381,P<0.01), positive correlation between the quality of life score and the score of pain self-efficacy (r=0.647, 0.203, 0.518,P<0.05), and negative correlation between the puncture-related pain score and the score of pain self-effcacy(r=-0.745,P<0.01). Conclusion: Puncture-related pain is a crucial inlfuential factor on the quality of life in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis through internal arteriovenous ifstula.

Objective To investigate the current situation of puncture-related pain in patients with the arteriovenous fistula undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and its correlated factors. Methods A total of 180 hemodialysis patients with the arteriovenous fistula undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were investigated with demographic data questionnaire, visual analogue scale and pain self-efficacy questionnaire. Results The effective questionnaires rate was 93.89%(169/180). The median score of puncture-related pain was 5 scores, the score of pain self-efficacy was (31.42±14.59) scores;multivariate analysis demonstrated that the puncture-related pain was positively correlated with the patient gender, using time of arteriovenous fistula and pain self-efficacy ( β=0.152,-0.017,-0.409, P<0.05), OR (95%CI)were 2.069 (1.206-3.148), 0.803(0.710-0.984), 1.004(0.886-1.431). There was negative correlation between the puncture-related pain score and pain self-efficacy in these patients, r=-0.647, P<0.01. Conclusions Puncture-related pain is common sense in patients with the arteriovenous fistula undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, some factors including the patient gender, using time of arteriovenous fistula and pain self-efficacy influence this feeling.

Objective To compare theshort-term efficacy and safety between TP and PVB scheme chemoradiation for advanced cervical cancer. Methods Between January 2012 and January 2014, 187 Xinjiang uygur patients with advanced cervical cancer (stageⅡb to Ⅳa) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy in Xinjiang medical university affiliated tumor hospital were analyzed. A1l cases were divided into two groups receiving radiotherapy concomitant (n = 104), PVB group (n = 83). Theshort-term efficacy and toxicity was evaluated four weeks aftertreatment. Results For squamous cell carcinomas, the response rates were 85.9% and 73.5% in TP and PVB group respectively (P > 0.05). For Non-squamous cell carcinomas (adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous), the response rates were 75.7% and 40% in TP and PVB group respectively (P < 0.05). B one marrow suppression, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal reactionwere significant different between two groups (P <0.05). Liver and kidney functiondisorder, blood cellsreduction, and radiation damagewere not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusions For cervical squamous cell carcinomas, theshort-term efficacy of two chemotherapy regimens is similar while forNon-squamous cell carcinomas, TP regimengroup is superior toBone marrow suppression and neurotoxicity in TP regimengroup is significantly higher than PVB group (P < 0.05), while gastrointestinal adverse reaction lower than PVBgroup.

Objective To establish a clinical test assay for detecting common respiratory viruses and enteroviruses (EV) by using mixed cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK), human epidermoid cancer cells (Hep-2) and African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) to isolate common respiratory viruses and enteroviruses. Methods Throat swabs with influenza A and B viruses,adenovirus and EV71 were incubated with mixed cultured MDCK, Hep-2 and Vero in a single vial to observe the presence of cytopathic effects. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescene assay were also used for confirmatory test. Results The sensitive cell lines developed obvious cytopathic effects to the corresponding viruses, which were confirmed by the specific green particles observed by immunofluorescence assay and specific target PCR segments. Conclusions The shell-vial of mixed cells can simultaneously isolate different common respiratory viruses and EV. The isolated pathogens can be further confirmed by antigen test and PCR. This assay may improve the diagnosis of clinical viral diseases.

Objective Controversies exist as to the influences of the characteristics of lymph node metastasis ( LNM) on the prognosis of low-grade endometrial carcinoma ( LGEC) .The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of LNM and their im-pact on the prognosis of LGEC. Methods This study included 218 LGEC patients treated by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. We analyzed the pathologic characteristics of LNM and its relationship with the survival rate of the patients. Results LNM was ob-served in 37 of the 218 patients (16.97%), including 20 cases of pelvic (54.05%), 6 cases of para-aortic (16.22%), and 11 ca-ses of both pelvic and para-aortic ( 29.73%) LNM.Independent risk factors of LNM included deep myometrial infiltration ( OR:5.21, 95%CI:2.77-9.81), cervical stromal involvement (OR:3.15, 95% CI:1.12-8.35), lymphovascular invasion (OR:1.15, 95%CI:1.02-1.30), and abnormally high serum CA125 (OR:3.46, 95%CI:1.56-7.67) (P<0.05).There were sig-nificant differences in the 3-year survival rate between the patients with LNM and those without LNM (83.8%vs 95.0%, P<0.05) as well as in the 3-year tumor-free survival rate (73.0% vs 90.1%, P<0.05). Conclusion Deep myometrial infiltration, cervical stromal involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and abnormally high serum CA125 are the risk factors of LNM in LGEC patients, and LNM affects the prognosis of the LGEC patients.

Objective To test the levels of enterovirus 71 (EV71) antibody among children of different ages in Shanghai in 2011,and to investigate the relationship between antibody levels and virus infection.Methods EV71 antibody was detected by microneutralization assay from the serum specimens of healthy children of different ages collected during July to August,2011.The results were analyzed by t test for quantitative data with normal distribution,and by x2 test for count data.Results The positive rate of EV71 antibody among the 93 serum specimens was 58.1％ (54/93).The geometric mean titer (GMT) of EV71-specific neutralizing antibody was 1 ∶ 14.48.The positive rate of EV71 antibody in infants less than 6 months old was 87.5％ (21/24),and the GMT was 1∶29.56.In children aged 2 to 3 years,the positive rate of EV71 antibody decreased to 3.7％ (1/27),and GMT decreased to 1∶4.21,which were both statistically significantly lower than those less than 6 months old (x2 =36.37,t=7.58; both P＜0.01).The positive rate of EV71 antibody increased to 83.3％ (20/24) in children aged 5 to 6 years,with GMT reaching 1∶21.74.Whereas in children aged 7 to 8 years,the positive rate was 66.7％ (12/18) and GMT was 1∶20.76,without statistically significant difference compared with those aged 5 to 6 years (x2 =1.58,t=0.597; both P＞0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between boys and girls in positive rate of EV71 antibody [62.7 ％ (32/51) vs 52.4 ％ (22/42),x2 =1.02,P＞0.05] or GMT (1 ∶ 16.23 vs 1 ∶ 12.61,t=0.881,P＞0.05).Conclusions Children aged 2 to 3 years were at higher risk for EV71 infection,with EV71 antibody level significantly lower than other age groups.

Objective To evaluate shell vials of MHV,a combination of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK),human epidermoid cancer cells (Hep-2) and African green monkey kidney cells (Vero),and conventional cell culture in detecting influenza viruses and enterovirus from fresh clinical specimens.Methods Specimens from patients with influenza-like illness and children with hand-foot-mouth disease were inoculated with both shell vials of MHV and MDCK/Vero.Then cytopathological effect (CPE) was examined daily.Influenza viruses and enteroviruses were detected by multiple reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR).Results CPE of MDCK/Vero cells were stronger than the shell vials of MHV.The isolation rate of influenza virus by MHV was 24.6％ (34/138) and that by MDCK was 28.3％ (39/138),which was not significantly different (x2 =1.92,P＞0.05).That of enterovirus by MHV was 28.1％ (9/32) and that by Vero was 37.5％ (12/32),which was not significantly different (x2 =3.00.P＞0.05).Conclusions CPE in MDCK/Vero cells are easier to be observed than the shell vials of MHV.However,the shell vials of MHV are appropriate in public health emergencies,which can be used for isolation of influenza viruses and enterovirus in patients with respiratory symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the survival ability of enterovirus 71 (EV71) on different surface and under different climate.Methods Each 1 × 105 tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50)EV71 was added on different aseptic surface of plastic,rubber,cloth and wood,respectively.Then these materials were put into biotron (artificial climatic chamber) which could simulate different temperature and moisture.The viruses were recovered after a definite time and then inoculated into Vero cell.The cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed everyday to survey the survival ability of EV71 on different medium surface.Results The recovery rates of EV71 on medium surface ranged from 89 ％-93 ％.The survival time of EV71 on medium surface varied under different climatic conditions.The longest survival time of the virus was observed under the condition of 20 ℃ as the temperature and 80％ as the humidity.After 24 hours of incubation,the infectious titer on plastic surface reduced about 4 lg.After 72 hours of incubation,the infectious titer reduced at least 3.89 lg on cloth and wood surface.Conclusions Temperature and humidity can affect the survival time of EV71 on medium surface,which is longer in the condition of low temperature and high humidity.The survival ability of EV71 on natural cloth and wood surface is better than that on synthetic plastic surface.