Objective To compare the curative effect of the different palm dorsal approach of open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of distal radius fractures.Methods According to the stochastic indicator method,84 patients with distal radius fractures were divided into control group and observation group,42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with dorsal approach open reduction and internal fixation,while the observation group was treated by volar approach open reduction and internal fixation.The clinical curative effect was assessed,and indicators related to the operation and the fracture healing was recorded in detail.Postoperative complications of patients were analyzed during postoperative follow-up.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 88.10%(37/42),which was significantly higher than 66.67%(30/42) of the control group(x2=5.509,P=0.019).Compared with the control group,the operation and hospital stay time were significantly shorter,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss of the observation group decreased obviously,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.092,2.137,2.256,2.199;P=0.040,0.036,0.027,0.031).The Gartland-Weriey score and ulnar inclination of the observation group were (9.18±2.96)points and (10.52±2.64)°,which were significantly lower than those of the control group[(12.56±3.24)points,(16.22±2.87)°],while radial height[(11.61±2.87)mm]was higher than the control group[(10.92±2.65)mm],the differences were statistically significant(t=2.206,2.316,2.185;P=0.030,0.023,0.032).The incidence rate of complications of control group was 26.19%(11/42),which was higher than 9.52%(4/42) of the observation group(x2=3.977,P=0.046).Conclusion The curative effect of volar approach of open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of distal radius fractures was better compared with dorsal approach.At the same time,it can effectively improve the operation indicators and fracture healing effect,in addition,it can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Recipe (WYHZTLR) containing serum on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway of skin fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

METHODSTotally 36 SSc patients were randomly assigned to Chinese medicine (CM) group, Western medicine (WM) group, and integrative medicine (IM) group according to random digit table, 12 in each group. Patients in the CM group took WYHZTLR decoction (one dose per day). Patients in the WM group took penicillamine tablet (0. 125 g each time, bid) and Prednisone Acetate Tablet (PAT 20 mg, qd). Patients in the IM group took penicillamine, PAT, and WYHZTLR decoction (in the same dosage of corresponding drugs as aforesaid). All patients were treated for one month to get drug containing serum. Besides, 10 untreated SSc patients' serum was taken as the control group. Healthy subjects' skin fibroblasts were originated from healthy skin tissue of the upper arms of 2 female patients undergoing plastic surgery. Corresponding serum of each group was added in the culture system of SSc patients' and healthy subjects' dermal fibroblasts respectively. Expression levels of TGF-β1 receptor type I (TGF-β1 RI), TGF-β1 receptor II (TGF-β1 RII), p-Smad2/3 and Smad7 protein were examined by Western blot. Expression levels of collagen type I and collagen type III (Col-I, Col-III) mRNA were examined by reverse transcription PCR. Contents of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in the supernatant of SSc, skin fibroblasts were examined by ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, expression levels of TGF-β1 R I and p-Smad2/3 protein significantly decreased, but expression levels of Smad7 protein significantly increased in skin fibroblasts of SSc patients and healthy subjects of WM, CM, and IM groups (P <0.05, P <0. 01). Meanwhile, the expression level of TGF-β1 RII decreased in the IM group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the WM group, expression levels of TGF-β1 RI and p-Smad2/ 3 protein significantly decreased, but that of Srnad7 protein significantly increased in IM groups (P <0. 01). mRNA expression levels of Col-I and Col-II in SSc skin fibroblasts significantly decreased more in WM, CM, and IM groups than in the control group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Besides, the expression level of Col-III mRNA was significantly lower in the IM group than in the WM group (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, serum levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios increased more obviously in WM, CM, and IM groups (P <0.05, P <0.01). But expression levels of TIMP-1 decreased significantly in CM and IM groups (P <0.01). Expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios increased more in the IM group than in the WM group (P <0. 01). Expression levels of TIMP-1 decreased more in CM and IM groups than in the WM group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONWYHZTLR containing serum could reduce expression levels of Col-I and Col-III possibly through regulating key signal molecules, such as TGF-β1 RI, p-Smad2/3, and Smad7 in TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway of SSc skin fibroblasts, and inhibiting transduction of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type III ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad2 Protein ; Smad7 Protein ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective:To search the release in vitro of new MU-AN ophthalmic gel consist of ganciclovir instead of aciclovir is whether better than the Old. Methods:Using the content of ganciclovir and acyclovir as the index, taking the second oar method ( in Ch. P 2010), drug release in vitro test was investigated. Results:The character of drug release of new MU-AN ophthalmic gel was e-qual to the old, the rate of drug release was similar, The amount of drug release was the same. Both drugs met the requirements of clin-ical medication. The character corneal permeability of new MU-AN ophthalmic gel was better than the old. Gel matrix had no influ-ences on drug release, drug would be bring treatment effect after the way that it was released quickly then was dissolved in tear. Con-clusion:The drug release characteristics consistent with ophthalmic preparation requirements. The character of drug release of new MU-AN ophthalmic gel consist of ganciclovir instead of aciclovir is equal to the old, the time administer drug and interval time is gener-ally scientific, reasonable and feasible, providing the basis for the pharmacodynamics , toxicology and clinical study in the next step.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether inhalable particulate matters can cause the damage of chromosome or mitotic apparatus to produce micronucleus, and to evaluate genetic toxicology of moxa smoke on chromosome.

METHODSBy MTT method, the 24 h half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of moxa smoke condensation (MSC) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was 0.087 mg/mL. CHO cells, which were cultured in vitro, were divided into a solvent control group, a positive control group (cyclophosphamide as solvent), a low concentration group, a moderate concentration group and a high concentration group. The low concentration group, moderate concentration group and high concentration group were set approximately 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 of IC50, respectively. Whether micronucleus had dose-effect response induced by the damage of chromosome or mitotic apparatus was observed after CHO cells were contaminated by MSC in the low concentration group, moderate concentration group and high concentration group.

RESULTSThe rate of micronucleus induced by MSC in the low concentration group, moderate concentration group and high concentration group was higher than that in the solvent control group (all P < 0.05), which presented dosage-effect response. The experiment was repeated 3 times, indicating it was repeatable with statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONHigh concentration of MSC shows toxicity to induce chromosome damage, which disappears at low concentration. The genetic toxicology is also dependent on concentration, and the concentration of moxa smoke is essential. In clinical treatment, it is noted to control the level of moxa smoke, while the clinical safety standard of moxa smoke concentration is in need of further study.

Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Inhalation Exposure ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Micronucleus Tests ; Moxibustion ; adverse effects ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; analysis

Objective To study the effect of lateral supramalleolar perforator flap for skin and soft tissue defect of lateral malleolus.Methods From January 2012 to December 2015,36 patients with soft tissue burn of ankle in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Cixi were selected as study objects.The average wound area was 4 ～ 10cm.The average flap size was 5 ～ 13cm.There were 17 cases received skin flap of behind perforator of the lateral malleolus.There were 19 cases received skin flap of front perforator of the lateral malleolus.The effect of repair was observed.Results All flaps survived in 36 cases after operation.There were 7 cases of 2.6cm of blood stasis,and necrosis occurred in 2 cases which healed after dressing change.Transplantation of skin flap and the original skin had good adhesion,skin color and texture was similar to the surrounding skin during the follow-up period of 6 to 12 months.The survival time and walk time of the repair of anterior perforator flap were (2.20 ± 0.70) weeks,(4.70 ± 1.10) weeks,respectively,which were longer than those of the lateral retromalleolar perforator flap [(2.10 ± 0.80) weeks,(4.20 ± 1.10) weeks],but the differences were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The American orthopaedic foot and ankle society(AOFAS) score of the anterior perforator flap was significantly lower than that of the lateral retromalleolar perforator flap,the difference was statistically significant[(77.47 ± 3.41) points vs.(80.12 ± 4.12) points,t =2.110,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Lateral supramalleolar perforator flap has significant effect for skin and soft tissue defect of lateral malleolus.The operation is simple,the success rate is high,it is worth to be popularized in clinical.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and a target for chemoprevention. Hydroxydibenzoylmethane (HDB), a derivative of dibenzoylmethane of licorice, is a promising chemopreventive agent. In this paper, we investigated whether HDB would inhibit the ODC pathway to enhance apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. We found ODC enzyme activity was reduced during HDB treatment. Overexpression of ODC in HL-60 parental cells could reduce HDB-induced apoptosis, which leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), through lessening intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ODC overexpression protected cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3 following HDB treatment. The results demonstrated HDB-induced apoptosis was through a mechanism of down-regulation of ODC and occurred along a ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated pathway.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Chalcones/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Chemoprevention ; Cytochromes c/biosynthesis/secretion ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Leukemia, Myeloid/*enzymology/pathology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism and the suppression effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on hematopoietic system.

METHODSSemi-solid culture system was used to observe the effect of HCMV AD169 strain on colony forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU-erythroid (CFU-E), CFU-multipotent (CFU-Mix) and CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) growth. The techniques of in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to demonstrate the existence of HCMV DNA in the colony cells of cultured CFU-GM, CFU-Mix, CFU-MK and CFU-E, respectively. The immediate early antigen (IEA) mRNA in CFU-MK and late antigen (LA) mRNA in CFU-E were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HCMV early protein P52 was detected with immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTSHCMV AD169 suppressed the differentiation and proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-MK in vitro significantly (P < 0.05). The suppression was dose-dependent. HCMV DNA was successfully detected in CFU-GM, CFU-Mix, CFU-MK colony cells from viral infection groups by IS-PCR, and was detected in CFU-E by PCR, while it was negative in blank control or mock control groups. CFU-MK colony cells expressed HCMV IEA mRNA with the size of 340 bp in virus infection groups of 10(3) plague forming unit (PFU), 10(4) PFU and 10(5) PFU, respectively. The HCMV LA mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and was 263 bp long in positive control group of HCMV-infected human embryonic fibroblasts. The expression of HCMV LA mRNA in CFU-E was negative. The early protein P52 of HCMV in 10(4) PFU group was also identified by immunohistochemical staining.

CONCLUSIONHCMV AD169 strains inhibited the differentiation and proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-MK by the infection of the hematopoietic progenitors. HCMV might cause the suppression of hematopoiesis by direct infection, which is thought to be one of the reasons of HCMV infection associated with thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and anemia.

Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Erythrocytes ; virology ; Hematopoietic System ; cytology ; virology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; virology ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of intervention of moxa smoke with different concentrations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and lung of male rats, so as to explore the safety concentration of moxa smoke.

METHODSA total of 32 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-concentration group, a moderate-concentration group and a high-concentration group, 8 rats in each one. All the rats were exposed in the full-automatic toxicant exposure cabinet, and the overshadow of moxa smoke was set at 0%, 10%, 40% and 70%, respectively. Each rat was exposed for 20 min per day. After 26 weeks, the activities of SOD and content of MDA in serum, lung organ and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were tested.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the activities of serum SOD in the high-concentration group were reduced (P< 0. 05), but those in the low-concentration group and moderate-concentration group were not significantly different (both P>0. 05). Compared with the control group, the content of serum MDA in the low-concentration group, moderate-concentration group and high-concentration group was increased insignificantly (all P>0. 05). There were no significant differences regarding activities of SOD and content of MDA in lung organ and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among each moxa smoke group (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThere is no obvious toxic reaction in the low-concentration group and moderate-concentration group; in the high-concentration group the antioxidant ability is damaged due to long-term exposure.

Animals ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Lung ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Moxibustion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smoke ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)is a “second messenger” that regulates cell signal transduction. Adenylyl cyclases(ACs)and phosphodiesterases(PDEs)can directly regulate cAMP level in cells and then regulate the downstream signaling pathways. Increasing intracellular cAMP level can inhibit inflammation and enhance smooth muscle relaxation, which is an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This paper briefly summarizes the signaling pathways regulating cAMP and their mechanisms and related drugs in COPD therapy, hoping to provide references for further research and development of new target drugs which regulate cAMP for the prevention and treatment of COPD.