Objective: To assess the surgical techniques and surgical outcomes of temporoparietooccipital and parietooccipital disconnection. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of clinical, neuropsychological, EEG, imaging data in 16 patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent temporoparietooccipital and parietooccipital disconnection between April 2008 and October 2011. Of the 16 cases, 12 were males and 4 were females. The age of seizure onset was from 0.1 to 27 years (average 6.6) and disease duration of 0.1 to 18 years (average 7.5). The surgery was performed between the age of 3 and 37 years (average 14.1). Nine patients underwent temporoparietooccipital disconnection, 5 patients parietooccipital disconnection and 2 patient parietooccipital disconnection and temporal lobotomy. Results: After a mean follow-up of 1.6 years (range 0.5–3.9 years), 13 patients (81%) were seizure free, 1 patient had Engel Class II seizure outcome and 2 patient had Engel class III outcome. Two patients exhibited severe brain swelling and one patients had second resective operation with good recovery. None of the patients developed new motor defi cits postoperatively and there was no mortality. Conclusion: Temporoparietooccipital and parietooccipital is a safety and effective epilepsy surgery procedure for patients with epileptic zone localization to the posterior quadrant on one side. The results of surgical disconnection for posterior quadrantic epilepsy have yielded excellent seizure outcomes in 81% of the patients, with no mortality or major morbidity.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and adverse reaction of raltitrexed combined with radiation for esophageal carcinoma in elderly patients.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups by the envelope method, 30 patients in experimental group received raltitrexed combined with radiotherapy and 30 patients in control group received radiotherapy only.Patients in both groups received conventional radiotherapy with a total dose of 56-60 Gy/28-30 F.In experimental group, raltitrexed 2.6 mg/m2 was administered concurrently with the radiotherapy on d1 and d22.Two cycles of concurrent chemotherapy were administered during radiotherapy.The short-term effects, survival times and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rates of experimental group and control group were 93.3% and 73.3%, respectively, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2=4.320, P=0.038).The median survival times of experimental group and control group was 24.0 months and 12.0 months, respectively, and there was statistically significant difference by Log-rank test (χ2=6.048, P=0.014).The major adverse reactions of grade 3-4 in experimental group and control group were radiation-induced esophagitis (10.0% vs.3.3%;χ2=0.268, P=0.605), leukopenia (13.3% vs.10.0%;χ2=0.000, P=1.000), thrombocytopenia (3.3% vs.0;P=1.000), nausea and vomiting (6.7% vs.0;χ2=0.517, P=0.472), and the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion Raltitrexed combined with radiotherapy can enhance the short-term effect and prolong the survival time for the elderly esophageal carcinoma patients, and the adverse reactions are mild.It is worthy of further clinical study.

Thirty patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were treated with biliary stent implantation+brachytherapy+conformal radiotherapy (study group; n=15) or biliary stent implantation alone (control group; n=15). Total bilirubin (TBIL) levels significantly declined within 1 month in both groups. However, at 6 months, TBIL values began to increase in the control group and continuously declined in the study group. Maximum tumor diameter increased in the control group, while decreased in the study group (remission rate, 13/15 ). As for the study group, the survival rate at 0. 5, 1, and 2 years was 15/15,14/15, and 10/15, respectively, higher than the control group (15/15,5/15,and 1/15) . Combining biliary stent implantation with brachytherapy and conformal radiotherapy might be a safe and effective treatment of choice for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.

This study was conducted to investigate the paclitaxel loaded by hydrazone bonds in poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) micelles (mPEG-PCL-PTX) on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. The cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. Flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell cycle. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst/P staining. The expression levels of apoptotic genes expression in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The mPEG-PCL-PTX could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis. The Bax, caspase-3 protein expression were increased while Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in A549 cells. Results showed that the polymer containing hydrazone bond is non-toxic in vitro, the mPEG-PCL-PTX micelles can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. Key words: paclitaxel; micelle; A549 cell; proliferation; cell cycle; apoptosis
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Micelles ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDBipolar electro-coagulation has a reported efficacy in treating epilepsy involving functional cortex by pure electro-coagulation or combination with resection. However, the mechanisms of bipolar electro-coagulation are not completely known. We studied the acute cortical blood flow and histological changes after bipolar electro-coagulation in 24 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.

METHODSTwenty-four patients were consecutively enrolled, and divided into three groups according to the date of admission. The regional cortical blood flow (rCBF), electrocorticography, the depth of cortex damage, and acute histological changes (H and E staining, neuronal staining and neurofilament (NF) staining) were analyzed before and after the operation. The t-test analysis was used to compare the rCBF before and after the operation.

RESULTSThe rCBF after coagulation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The spikes were significantly reduced after electro-coagulation. For the temporal cortex, the depth of cortical damage with output power of 2-9 W after electro-coagulation was 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.48 ± 0.06, 0.69 ± 0.06, 0.84 ± 0.09, 0.98 ± 0.08, 1.10 ± 0.11, 1.11 ± 0.09, and 1.22 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. Coagulation with output power of 4-5 W completely damaged the neurons and NF protein in the molecular layer, external granular layer, and external pyramidal layer.

CONCLUSIONSThe electro-coagulation not only destroyed the neurons and NF protein, but also reduced the rCBF. We concluded that the injuries caused by electro-coagulation would prevent horizontal synchronization and spread of epileptic discharges, and partially destroy the epileptic focus.

Adult ; Electrocoagulation ; methods ; Epilepsy ; surgery ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Temporal Lobe ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective:To study the expression of ULBP2 protein in the brain tissues of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy and its clinical significance.Methods:Gene-chip,immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to test expression of ULBP2 in the surgically removed brain tissue of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy from the brain bank of our department(n=42),and the results were compared with that of normal controls (n=12).Results:The relative increasing expression of ULBP2-gene in the brain of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy,and ULBP2 protein expression was significantly increased in temporal lobe cortex of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy as compared with the same regions of the controls specimens.Conclusion:The results indicate that the overexpression of ULBP2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of drug-refractory epilepsy.

Objective: Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating neuropsychiatric disorders. Genetic epidemiological studies have confirmed that schizophrenia is a genetic disease. Genes promoting neurodevelopment may be potential candidates for schizophrenia. As an adaptor linking a number of tyrosine kinase receptors in multiple intracellular signaling cascades, Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein 3 (SHC3) is a member of the Shc-like adaptor protein family, and expressed predominantly in the mature neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of SHC3 and schizophrenia. Methods: An independent case-control association study was performed in a sample including 710 schizophrenia patients and 1314 healthy controls from a Northeast Chinese Han population. Results: The allelic and genotypic association analyses showed that four SNPs in SHC3 significantly associated with schizophrenia (rs2316280, rs4877041, rs944485 and rs7021743). The haplotype composing of these four SNPs also showed significantly individual and global association with schizophrenia. Conclusion Our present results suggest SHC3 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the affection of negative life and events coping style to youthful breast cancer patients and their psychological stress state preoperation. Methods 60 youthful breast cancer patients preoperation were investigated with Life Events Scale (LES) and somatization, depression and anxiety in Self-reporting Inventory Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Results The score of somatization, depression and anxiety were (1.89 ±0.31), (2.28 ± 0.56) and (1.99 ± 0.63). the anxiety and depression were obvious in patients who had lower education level (P < 0. 05). Sematization, depression and anxiety were more severe in patients who was single, divorced and widowed than married (P < 0. 05). The levels of depression and anxiety were higher in patients who had higher income (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The youthful breast cancer patients have severe psychic trauma, and they need humanistic care.

OBJECTIVETo describe the prevalence of body overweight and obesity and its changes among Chinese people during 1992-2002, and to provide scientific basis for developing intervention strategies for obesity in China.

METHODSThe data from "1992 China third National Nutrition Survey" (78,704 subjects, 38,323 male and 40,381 female) and from "2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey" (209,849 subjects, 101,377 male and 108,472 female) were used in this study. The overweight and obesity were defined by using WHO Z-score criteria for children younger than 7 years old, Chinese age-, sex-specific BMI criteria for children aged 7-17 years, and Chinese BMI criteria for adults.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people was increased by 38.6% and 80.6%, respectively during the period of 1992-2002. The prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people aged 0-6 years, 7-17 years, 18-44 years, 45-59 years and above 60 years was increased 31.7%, 17.9%, 66.7%, 45.2% and 43.7%, respectively. The increase of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls younger than 6 years than their male counterparts, while among other age groups, that were higher in boys than girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among people living in rural areas was lower than that of their urban counterparts, while the increment of overweight and obesity prevalence among rural people was greater than that of their urban counterparts. It was estimated that another 70 million overweight and 30 million obese Chinese people emerged in China from 1992 to 2002.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people was increased rapidly in the past decade, which had affected 260 million Chinese people. It would continue to increase in the near future if effective intervention measures have not been taken.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

Objective To illustrate the semiological characteristics of the three sub-types within the broad bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS),summarize their predictive values on lateralization and localization of seizure onset zone (SOZ),and analyze the difference between BATS and asymmetrical tonic limb posturing (ATLP).Methods A retrospective review of 385 patients who underwent stereotactic electrode implantation in the Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2011 to May 2018 was performed.As long as there was a clinical epileptic seizure in the presence of BATS or ATLP,the patients were classified into the corresponding groups.Postoperative prognosis was assessed using Engel's grading criteria for a follow-up of no less than six months.Seizure descriptions were based on the classification of epileptic seizures introduced by Lüiders,which used arrows to connect the symptoms in chronological order.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the classic BATS and bilateral proximal tonic seizure in terms of whether it could be an independent seizure,as the onset and end of the seizure,with version and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (P＞0.05).Compared with the ATLP,except for whether it could be an independent seizure (P=1.000) and onset before versive seizure (P=0.068),the BATS showed significantly different semiological features (P＜0.05).The classic BATS and secondary motor area epilepsy had a 100.0％ predictive accuracy on the lateralization of SOZ.In the patients with broad BATS,the SOZ distribution was more extensive,but it was rare in the orbitofrontal gyrus,frontal pole and mesial temporal lobe.Compared with the bilateral proximal tonic seizures from the other regions,those originated from supplementary somatosensory motor area and its adjacent areas were rare and showed no statistically significant difference (0/8 vs 40.0％ (18/45),x2=3.226,P=0.072) but a low trend.The predictive value of BATS on lateralization of SOZ was higher than that of ATLP (84.9％ (45/53) vs 57.1％ (24/42),x2=9.086,P=0.003),and BATS was less originated from temporal lobe than ATLP (3.8％ (2/53) vs 23.8％ (10/42),x2=8.523,P=0.004).Conclusion Different from ATLP,the broad BATS are characterized by tonic proximal upper limb posturing,and have a higher predictive value on lateralization and localization of SOZ.