Astragaloside Ⅳ content in species of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari of Chinese materia mediea has been determined with dual wavelength,reflect zig-zag scanning,external-standard dual-point methods. The average recovery and coefficient of variation(CV)are 99.15% and 3.71%(n=6),respective- ly.

With the method of non-experimental assessment research of epidemiology,by viewing the reformation as the intervention and dividing observation group and control group,the study makes some statistics about the variables related to the quality of applicants for a medical college after and before the reformation.The conclusion is:the reformation may be one of the causes that appeals to applicants from reformed class to the non-reformed class ; the reformation is a risk factor to the non-reformed class ( may cause the quality of applccants down ) while the reformation is a protective factor to the reformed class ( help raise the quality of applicants or avoid slipping down too fast ).

Hyperuricemia is closely associated with hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease.However,numerous studies have shown that as a natural antioxidant,uric acid has a strong antioxidant effect.It can enhance the body's overall antioxidant capacity,scavenge free radicals in tissue,decrease the level of oxidative stress,and improve the outcomes in patients with stroke.It may provide a new target for the treatment of stroke through investigating the neuroprotective effect of uric acid on ischemic stroke.

Effects of different procedures of magnetic nanoparticles into the liposome structure on the distribution of magnetic particles in the liposome were investigated. Magnetic liposomes with high-encapsulating rate of cisplatin (CDDP) were obtained. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles which was modified by organic functional group on surface was synthesized by an one-step modified hydrothermal method. The CDDP magnetic liposomes were prepared by a film scattering-ultrasonic technique and the concentrations of CDDP in the liposomes were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorbance spectroscopy. Magnetic liposomes with different microstructure were prepared by the two different procedures, where the magnetic particles were combined with phospholipid before the film preparation to form liposome in procedure I, and drug solution and the magnetic particles were mixed before hydrating the lipids film to form liposome in procedure II. The liposome structure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CDDP magnetic liposomes were prepared by the optimized method which was selected by orthogonal test. Encapsulation rate of the magnetic particles distributed in the phospholipid bilayer through the procedure I was 34.90%. While liposome, produced by the procedure II technique, contained magnetic particles in the interior aqueous compartment, which encapsulation rate was 28.34%. Encapsulation rates of both I and II were higher than that of conventional liposome. The release profile of all the three different liposomes in vitro fitted with a first-order equation. Because of distribution of magnetic particles in the phospholipid bilayer, the skeleton of phospholipid bilayer was changed. The releasing tl/2 of magnetic liposomes produced by the procedure I technique is 9 h, which is shorter than that of the other two liposomes. Assemble of magnetic nanoparticles into the structure of liposome was succeeded by the procedure I, which showed superiority than by procedure II whatever in CDDP liposome encapsulation efficiency and content of the magnetic particles and would ensure sustained-release character.

Background Noninvasive methods such as in vivo confocal microscopy and Orbscan Ⅱ corneal topography have been used to examine ocular surface structure at the cellular level.However,very few domestic reports about the corneal structures of experimental animals investigated by confocal microscopy are available.Objective This study was to compare the anatomical differences of the corneal structures of three frequently used experimental animals presented by in vivo confocal microscopy,and to offer a database on the information provided by the in vivo study of the corneal structures of these animals.Methods Bilateral corneas of 3 clean adult male New Zealand rabbits,3 clean adult male Lewis rats and 3 clean adult male Swiss mice were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy.The morphological characteristics of every layer of the corneas and the endothelial cell densities were analyzed and compared.Results Superficial epithelium cells of the three animal models were characterized as polygon cells with high or low reflective border.The arrangement of the basal epithelial cells was regular with tight contacts but these cells lacked visible nuclei.The Bowman' s layer of cornea presented as an amorphous sheet containing abundant subepithelial plexus.In the rabbits,a highly reflective structure in the corneal stroma wasconfirmed as the nucleus,and the cell density of the posterior stroma was significantly lower than that of anterior stroma(387.5 cells/mm2 versus 223.5 cells/mm2)(U =0.000,P =0.000).Massive light-reflecting astreoids were displayed in the stroma of the rats and the mice.Corneal endothelial cells(CECs)of the three animal models had similar shapes and arrangements,presenting with high refractive cell bodies with dark borders and honeycomb-like arrangements.The CECs densities were 2192.5,1936.0,1565.0 cells/mm2 in the New Zealand rabbits,Lewis rats and Swiss mice,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference among them(H =49.940,P =0.000),and that of the rabbits was significantly higher than that in the rats and mice(x2 =0.000,P =0.000;x2 =0.000,P=0.000).Significant difference was also seen between the rats and the mice in the CECs densities(x2=0.000,P=0.000).Conclusions The CECs of the three animal modes are similar in morphology.But the structures of their stromal cells and endothelial cell densities are different.The combination of in vivo confocal microscopy and Orbscan Ⅱ corneal topography offers high-resolution imaging for each layer of the cornea.

Objective To explore the imaging features and its correlation with pathological findings of giant cell tumor of the ten-don sheath (GCTTS).Methods The clinical data,radiographic images and pathological characteristics of sixteen cases of GCTTS confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed.Plain CT,pre and post-contrast MR were performed in all patients.HE stai-ning was used to investigate the histological characteristics of GCTTS,and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the ex-pression of CD68.Results There were nine cases of local type GCTTS and seven cases of diffuse type GCTTS in our present study. Nine cases were located in the knee joint,four cases in the foot,and three cases in the hand.Compared with normal skeletal muscle signals,lesions showed isointensity or low intensity on T1 WI and inhomogeneous low intensity on T2 WI.Three cases caused adja-cent bone destruction,one case lead to adjacent bone absorption,and no abnormality was found in other twelve cases.Six cases were injected Gd-DTPA for enhanced scan,in which four cases showed significantly heterogeneous enhancement,one case mild heteroge-neous enhancement,and one case no heterogeneous enhancement.Pathology examination results revealed that GCTTS parenchyma cells were mainly formed by histocyte-like monocytes,and scattered multinuclear giant cells.GCTTS mesenchyme was rich in gelat-inous fiber and hemosiderin pigmentation.Conclusion MR has a significant advantage in detecting specific hemosiderin pigmentation and determining lesions area of GCTTS.Combination of MR with pathology results may improve the diagnosis accuracy.

0.05).The number of vaginal folds and vessle of vaginal natural layers in the Zuogui Pill large dosage group were more than those in the model group(P0.05).Conclusion Zuogui Pill,the compound herbal formula for reinforcing the function of kidney,is not influential on the uterus of ovariectomized female rats.It can delay the vaginal deadness through increasing the local blood supply of ovariectomized rats.

Objective To explore the applicability of the histological features of plexiform bone and osteon banding to species identification. Methods 35 ground cross sections of the tibial midshaft collected from 10 human cadavers, 10 pigs, 5 cattle, 5 dogs, and 5 sheep, were observed under light microscope at 100-fold magnification. Results Plexiform bone and osteon banding were mostly observed in nonhuman bones, whereas rarely in human bones. Additionally, histological structures also varied with different individuals within a species. Conclusion The plexiform bone and osteon banding are the two important characteristics for certifying nonhuman bone in species identification.

Humans ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Function Tests

Objective To evaluate the characteristic of left ventricular rotation and twist in healthy adults using ultrasonic velocity vector imaging(VVI),and to discuss its biomechanical mechanism. Methods In 70 healthy adults, the rotational characteristic of left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium at 3 differently standard shot-axis levels and 18 differently myocardial segments, and the torsional characteristic of left ventricular wall were evaluated via ultrasonic VVI. The maximum rotation angle(Rmax)at different sites of left ventricular wall and the maximum twist angle(Tmax)between left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium in a completely cardiac cycle were compared respectively. Correlation tests were performed between left ventricular Tmax and the Rmax at different short-axis levels of left ventricular wall.Results ①To be compared with other myocardial segments, Rmax was smallest at antero-septal or anterior wall of the same left ventricular short-axis level(P>0.05).②The mainly rotational directions of the basal leveI and the apical level of left ventricular wall in a completely cardiac cycle were adverse.To be compared with basal or apical level of left ventricular wall,Rmax was smallest at papillary muscle level(P<0.05).and there was no statistical significance in Rmax between basal and apical level.There was positive colinearity between left ventricular Tmax and the Rmax of basal or apical level (P<0.01),but zero correlation was found between the Tmax and the Rmax of papillary muscle level.③Rmax of left ventricular subendocardium was bigger than that of subepicardium(P<0.01).Tmax of left ventricular subendocardium was bigger than that of subepicardium[(11.44±4.82)°vs(7.05±3.90)±,P<0.01].Conclusions Twist of left ventricular wall in healthy adults appeared the torsional characteristic of thin-wall cylinder.Elucidation of the biomechanical mechanism of cardiac twist is promising if basing on the principle of biomechanics.