AIM: To investigate the regulation of sodium pump ?-subunit gene expression in the cortex of kidneys from one kidney one clip (1k1c) hypertensive rats. METHODS: 1k1c hypertensive rats were prepared by partially ligating the left renal artery and removing the right kidney. 4 weeks later, all the rats were killed, the levels of sodium pump ? 1-, ? 2-, and ? 3-subunit mRNA and protein in the cortex of kidney were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of sodium pump ? 1-subunit increased and ? 2- and ? 3-subunit were unchanged in the cortex of kidneys from 1k1c hypertensive rats compared with control rats, while no change has been found for all the three subunits gene expressions at protein level. CONCLUSION: There were some changes in the expression of sodium pump ?-subunit gene in the cortex of kidney of the 1k1c hypertensive rat, which might be related to the development of hypertension in this hypertensive model.

Objective To classify patients with pelvic pain and to improve the understanding of etiology and to guide treatment by using a clinical phenotype system (UPOINT) and to examine the relationship between UPOINT and symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Methods From November 2009 to October 2011,54 IC/PBS patients including 42 female and 12 male patients were treated.The mean age was 41.0 ± 12.4 yrs (range from 21 to 76 yrs).Median symptom duration was 63.0 ± 59.2 months ( range from 6 to 240 months).54 patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome were classified in each domain of UPOINT,that was urinary,psychosocial,organ specific,infection,neurological/systemic and tenderness.Symptoms were assessed using the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index,Pain/Urgency/Frequency score and visual analogue scale for pain/urgency/frequency.Clinically relevant associations were calculated. Results In the 54 IC/PBS patients,median ICSI score was 15.0 ± 1.84 points ( range from 9 to 19 points) ; Median PUF was 20.0 ± 2.3 points ( range from 14 to 25 points) ; Median pain associated with bladder score of VAS was 7.0 ± 1.0 points (range from 5 to 10 points).The percent positive for each domain was urinary 100％,psychosocial 44％,organ specific 96％,infection 33％,neurological/systemic 24％ and tenderness 28％,respectively.All patients were included in at least 2 domains,with 2 domains of 11％,3 domains of 38％,4 domains of 36％,5 domains of 13％ and 6 domains of 2％.The number of domains was associated with greater symptom duration ( Spearman r =0.76,P ＜0.01 ) but not age.The number of domains was also associated with poorer general interstitial cystitis and pain symptoms ( Spearman r =0.89,P ＜ 0.01 ) but not with frequency or urgency.The psychosocial domain was associated with increased pain,urgency and frequency,while tenderness was associated with increased ICSI score,PUF score and urgency.The neurological/systemic domain was associated with increased ICSI score while the infection domain was not associated with any increased symptoms. Conclusions The UPOINT phenotyping system can classify patients with interstitial cystitis according to clinically relevant domains.The UPO1NT system can act as the guiding theoretical basis for directing multimodal therapy,it deserves clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the causes of under-staging in first transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and find out solutions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 cases (93 males and 25 females) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and compared the grade and stage between the first TURBt with the second transurethral resection (TUR) or partial cystectomy (PC) or radical cystectomy (RC) from January 2006 to March 2011.The mean patient age was 63.0 ±8.6 yrs.The tumors located in lateral,dome and posterior wall were 71,23,24 respectively; 75 of them were with single and 43 were with multifocal lesions; the sizes of tumor ranged from 0.5 -4.0 cm and 39 of them were ≥3.0 cm; The procedures performed by senior and junior urologist were 53 and 65 cases,respectively.In the study,we used the 2004 WHO/ISUP and 2002 TNM classification system for grading and staging.The data were analyzed with x2 and the logistic regression test to find out the causes of under-staging in first TURBt. Results There were 13 and 105 cases with high-grade Ta and T1 (low-grade T1 44 cases,high-grade T1 61 cases) in first TURBt,respectively.The finial stages were low-grade Ta(2),high-grade Ta(6),low-grade T1 (36),highgrade T1 ( 38 ),T2 (36) and 39 cases (33.1 ％ ) were under staged ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There were 17 and 22 under-staged cases compared with the second-TUR group (60 cases) and PC/RC groups (58 cases),respectively.The reasons of under-staging were related to tissue morphology changes (63 cases) and the absence of the detrusor muscle (56 cases) in specimens collected during the first TURBt.Multivariate analyses revealed that large tumors ( ≥3 cm),and lateral/dome/anterior wall tumors were independent risk factors to the absence of the detrusor muscle in the resected specimens with OR (95％ CI):3.766 ( 1.263 -11.225 ),and OR (95 ％ CI):5.951 (2.186 - 16.203 ),respectively.While surgery performed by senior surgeons was the protective factor to the presence of detrusor muscle,OR (95％ CI):0.274 (0.127 -0.593). Conclusions It is difficult for the first TURBt to completely avoid under-staging.The causes were related to tissues morphology changes and the absence of underlying detrusor muscle in specimens collected during the first TURBT procedure.Tissues morphology changes and the absence of detrusor muscle are related to the tumors location and size.A senior urologist and second-TUR can improve the under-staging.

Aim To establish and optimize a method for screening HIV-1 integrase 3′-processing inhibitor. Methods Fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET) was used to create an assay for screening in-tegrase 3′-processing inhibitors; wavelength was de-fined by DNaseⅠ; factors affecting IN activity were optimized, including buffer composition, substrate con-centration, enzyme concentration, metal ion concentra-tion. Results Integrase 3′-processing optimizing reac-tion conditions were buffer 1 , 500 nmol · L-1 sub-strate, 1 μmol·L-1 integrase, 20mmol·L-1 magne-sium ion. Positive drug raltegravir and myricetin could effectively inhibit integrase 3′-processing activity using this assay. Two integrase 3′-processing inhibitors were screened by this method. Conclusion The method for screening HIV-1 integrase 3′-processing inhibitor is successfully established and optimized.

Objective To explore the correlation between anxiety,depression and the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS) patients,improving the psychological knowledge of IC/PBS patients,providing theoretical basis for psychological intervention.Methods During November 2009 to October 2011,54 IC/PBS patients including 42 women and 12 men patients were treated,with mean age of (41.0±12.4) years and mean course of the disease of (63.0±59.2) months.O'Leary-Sant questionnaire was used for IC/PBS symptoms assessment,and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain associated with bladder,Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used for anxiety assessment,and Beck Depression Inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was used for depression assessment.The relationship between depression,anxiety and the symptoms of IC/PBS patients was evaluated.Results Of the 54 IC/PBS patients,mean ICSI score was (15.0±1.84) points,mean ICPI score was (8.0±2.6) points,mean O'Leary-Sant questionnaire score was (24.0±3.9) points,mean VAS score was (7.0± 1.0) points,mean anxiety score was (52.0± 7.2) points,with 35 cases (64.8％) suffering from anxiety symptoms.Mean depression symptoms score was (16.0±4.5) points,with 41 cases (75.9％) suffering from depressive symptoms.The degree of anxiety and depression were associated with education level,the sleep quality and monthly income of IC/PBS patients.Anxiety and depression had no definite correlation with marital status and working conditions.Anxiety and depression were closely related (proportion) with the symptoms (frequency,urgency,pain or discomfortrelated to bladder) of IC/PBS patients.Conclusions Anxiety and depression are common in patients with IC/PBS,and they are related to symptom severity.In order to improve the quality of life,much attention must be paid to psychological condition assessment and treatment of IC/PBS patients.

Objective To explore the possible correlation of the clinical parameters(such as neck circumference,waist circumference,Hipc,WHR,BMI,ESS scores)with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods There were 111 patients with diagnosis of OSAHS.All patients underwent polysomnography and the physical examination.The meatured body parameters and AHI were analyzed.Results A statistically significant correlation between neck circumference,waist circumference,Hipc,WHR,BMI with the AHI was detected.No correlation was found between ESS and AHI.Except for Hips and ESS,the difference of neck circumference,waist circumference,WHR,BMI were significant between the different serious patients(P

AlM: To evaluate the clinical effect of 200g/L protein-free calf blood extract eye gel for corneal epithelial defect.METHODS: One hundred and sixty - eight cases of corneal epithelial defect ( 58 cases with herpes simplex keratitis; 24 cases with chemical injury; 85 cases with pterygium operation injury ) were randomly divided into two groups: 84 eyes were treated with protein-free calf blood extract eye gel; 84 cases were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor eye gel ( bFGF ) . The bFGF and protein-free calf blood extract eye gels were used 4 times a day. The treatment course was 7d. Epithelial defect restoration, local symptom and sign were observed.
RESULTS: The difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment was significant ( P<0. 01 ) in the two groups. The effect of protein-free calf blood extract eye gel (83. 3%) group was prior to that of bFGF (69%) for corneal epithelial defect. The effective rate of protein-free calf blood extract eye gel in the herpes simplex keratitis, chemical injury and pterygium operation injury was 72. 4%,69. 2% and 95. 2%. Localized stimulus and adverse reaction of all over the body were not been observed.
CONCLUSlON: Protein-free calf blood extract eye gels is valuable and safe for corneal epithelial defect.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with rare etiologies.Methods A total of 45 cases with rare etiologies was selected from a group of 1200 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted from January 2012 to December 2015.Results The incidence of gastric stromal tumor (24.4％) and Dieulafoy's lesion (20.0％) was the highest.Among rare etiologies of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were Mallory-Weiss syndrome (17.8％) and stomal ulcer and hemorrhage of efferent loops after subtotal gastrectomy (17.8％),as well as left-side portal hypertension (6.7％),liver cirrhosis complicated with variceal bleeding in the descending part of the duodenum (2.1％),esophageal hematoma (2.1％),esophageal mucosa avulsion (2.1％),P-J syndrome (2.1％),duodenal adenocarcinoma (2.1％),and cutaneous malignant melanoma with duodenal metastasis (2.1％).Conclusions Gastroscopy in early stages played a role in etiologies identification,while etiological treatments could substantially reduce recurrent bleeding rate,thus enhanced cure rate.Analysis on rare etiologies promoted the medical understanding,with clinical diagnosis and treatment improved.

AIMTo observe the change of cardiovascular endothelium's ultrastructure and its intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression in rat after repetitive high positive acceleration (+ Gz) exposures and further to explore the mechanisms of myocardial injuries induced by high + Gz stress.

METHODSThirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, + 1Gz group and + 10Gz group (n = 10 for each). The rats of + 10Gz group were exposed to five plateaus at + 10Gz for 30s with + 1Gz 1 min intervals, 3 times a week, for 3 weeks, while rats of + 1Gz group subjected to + 1Gz for 5 mim daily. The control group didn't undergo acceleration stress. The rats were decapitated in the next day after the last centrifuge run and myocardium were immediately dissected from left ventricles for ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemical staining of ICAM-1.

RESULTSThe ultrastructural changes of the cardiovascular endothelium were observed in rats of 10Gz group, including endothelium edema and platelet aggregating in lumen of blood vessel. Also, the expression of ICAM-1 in + 10Gz stressed rats increased significantly (P < 0.05). While there was no difference between control group and + 1Gz group in ultrastructure of cardiovascular endothelium and its ICAM-1 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that repeated high + Gz exposures could injury cardiovascular endothelium of rat and increase ICAM-1 expression, which indicated cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) inducing inflammation took part in myocardial injuries induced by high + Gz stress.

Acceleration ; Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety and technical operating standard of percutem clamp fixation (PCCF), an operation designed by imitating bone setting method of TCM, in treating unstable tibiofibular fracture (UTF).

METHODSA prospective controlled multicentre clinical study was carried out on 200 patients with UTF, they were assigned to the treated group (99 cases) treated with PCCF and the control group (101 cases) treated with unilateral multifunctional external fixator (UMFEF).

RESULTSPCCF showed better effects than UMFEF in reducing the time of fixing operation and healing time; and the immediate effect after removing the fixating apparatus and long-term efficacy as well as safety in the treated group were also superior to those in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt is convenient, safe and effective to treat UTF by fixation with percutem clamp.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome