Hedging is an important component of vague language. This paper retrieves high frequency expressions of hedgingby using medical English corpus. Pragmatic functions of hedging are analyzed, which can be summarized as politeness principle, authors' self-protection, avoidance of the absolute, pursuit of objectiveness as well as conversational implication. To medical researchers, it is necessary to cultivate the awareness of hedging and learn how to adopt it in their research papers.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma, and its incidence rate is increasing nowadays. Chemotherapy is the main means for treatment of PCNSL and the efficacy of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) has been confirmed among those chemotherapeutics. Treatments of HD-MTX combined with other drugs have been studied extensively. Progress of HD-MTX and other drugs for PCNSL are reviewed in this article.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of permanent needle of deep venipuncture in early management of extensive burn.Methods:88 patients with extensively burn are analyzed.Results:The success rate of venipuncture was 96%.The effect was satisfactory,while the complication was less.Conclusion:The permanent needle of deep venipuncture shows an important role in early management of extensive burn.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors,prevention measures and treatment methods of the pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection. Methods50 pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection were chosen as the observation group. In the same time,50 pulmonary fibrosis patients without nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection were chosen as the control group. The following factors were compared: hospital stay, corticosteroid use, antibiotic use, invasive procedures, a merger of the underlying disease.ResultsThere were 46％ (23/50) patients had long-term use of antibiotics in the observation group, much more than the control group(26％ ,13/50) ,the difference was statistically significant( P ＜0.05) ;More than half of patients in both groups using glucocorticoids, the ratio in the observation group was 84％ (42/50), which was significantly higher than the control group( P ＜ 0.05) ; In the observation group, the rates of patients with long time hospitalization ( ≥30 days), received invasive procedures, and associated with underlying diseases were much higher than the control group( all P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionMultiple risk factors could lead to the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis patients with nosocomial pulmonary fungal infection,and the positive and effective preventions and standard treatment should be taken.

Ear Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: To improve the standardization method for ethanol potassium hydroxide volumetric solution. Methods: A new potentiometric titration method was established and compared with the indicator method described in Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition) . Results:There was no significant difference between the results of the potentiometric method and the indicator method( P>0. 05). Furthermore, the potentiometric titration had significant jump range, good precision and high reliability. Conclusion:The po-tentiometric method can be used in the standardization of ethanol potassium hydroxide volumetric solution.

The paper elaborates the utilization status of the graphic reports system in hospitals, proposes that ASP .NET technology should be applied to realize the web-based hospital integrated query system for graphic reports, analyzes the advantages of applying ASP .NET technology and introduces the concrete realization of the integrated query system.This system solves the problem that graphic reports are unable to be queried simultaneously, resulting from differences between various internal reporting systems in hospitals.

Objective To discuss the influence and curative effect observation of inhalation of formoterol/budesonide on matrix metalloproteinase of plasma(MMP)-2 and 9 for asthmatic patients (AAPs).Methods According to the digital table,68 cases of AAPs in acute stage of attack were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The patients in two groups were given routine medical treatments like anti-infection,antispasmodic and relieving asthma,relieving coμgh and reducing sputum and etc.In addition,the patients in observation group were given the inhalation of formoterol/budesonide with 4.5μg/160μg,two times daily for 2 weeks.Except for formoterol/budesonide,the medical treatments given to patients in control group were the same with those in observation group.The changes of MMP-2 and 9 levels in blood serum before and after 2 weeks' medical treatment were observed and compared,and proceed with the curative and safety observation.Results After 2 weeks' medical treatment,the MMP-2 and 9 in blood serum both were declined sharply(t =2.87,2.97,2.21,2.31,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),and the compared with control group,the decrease value(t =2.45,2.37,all P ＜ 0.05) was obviously higher.Meanwhile,the total clinical effective rate in observation group (94.12％) was obviously higher than that in control group (70.59％)(x2 =6.48,P ＜ 0.05) ; The numbers of untoward effect occurrence in the medical treatment period were 3 cases in control group and 5 cases in observation group,which both had light symptom and did not appeared serious untoward effects.The comparison result of untoward effect between two groups had no obvious statistical difference(x2 =0.14,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion formoterol/budesonide has reliable medical treatment effect and high security to asthmatic,whose mechanism of action has effect on MMP-2 and 9 level adjustment,correction of degradation of extracellular matrix and dysequilibrium,and chronic airway inhibition and remodeling.

Acadamy is the basis of discipline construction,and the public trust is the life of academy.However,the decline of public trust has become prominent in our science field.This paper is aimed at revealing the potential factors for the decline,and to propose measures to counteract them,so as to to remodel the public trust in academia.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices