To study the protective effect and preliminary mechanisms of asiatic acid against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury of PC12 cells, Na2S2O4 combined with low glucose induced damage of PC12 cells was served as OGD/R injury model in vitro. MTT method was used to evaluate cell survival. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was performed to determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, lactic acid (LD) content, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and cellular Caspase-3 activity. Flow cytometry was applied to assay cell apoptosis. Na2S2O4 combined with low glucose induced significant cell survival rate decreasing compared with normal cells. Cell survival rate increasing, LDH leakage alleviating, LD producing inhibiting, SOD activity promotion, MDA content reducing, cell apoptotic rate decreasing and Caspase-3 activity inhibiting were observed when cells were preincubated with different concentration of asiatic acid (10, 1 and 0.1 micromol x L(-1)). Evident protective effect of asiatic acid against OGD/R injured PC12 cells was verified in our experiment, and the possible mechanisms were related to eliminating free radicals and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Objective To improve the curative effect of non-invasive therapy for biliary ascariasis to shorten the course of treatment and minimize the chance of invasive managements such as surgery and endoscopic therapy. Methods The sequential therapy was conducted as: intravenous injection of vitamin C → oral administration of acid drug → expel the worm in the biliary tract. Results For the 19 cases of biliary ascariasis, 15 responded to the conservative treatment after one course of treatment,2 responded to it after two courses, 1 after 3 courses and 1 did not. Conclusion Sequential therapy is effective, convenient and simple for biliary ascariasis and it can reduce the chance of invasive management.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the aged.Methods The clinical features and inflammatory index of 19 aged patients with RA were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 103 young patients with RA. Results The acute onset was ocurred in 11 cases in EORA group(11/19,57.9%) ,32 cases in MRA group (32/103,31.1%), there was sighicant difference two groups (P ＜0. 05). There were 10 cases with intertitial lung disense in EORA group(52.6%) ,27 cases(26.2%) in MRA group.There were no statistical differenes between two groups in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, c-reactive,EORA incidence rate in male and female. Conclusions In comparison with MRA group,the onset of disease in patients of EORA group was more acute than that of MRA,it had higher degree of disease activity. The commonly seen extra-joint manifestation were feeble and interstitial disease lung. Early diagnosis and treatmentof EORA was favor for the prevention of deterioration of this disease.

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus containing the porin IB (PIB) gene and Neisseria surface protein A (NspA) gene of N.gonorrhoeae in BALB/c mice.Methods A recombinant adenovirus containing the PIB gene and NspA gene of N.gonorrhoeae (pAdEasy-1-PN) was constructed in previous studies.Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups:low-,medium-and high-dose experiment group intramuscularly immunized with 104,106,and 108 50％ tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the recombinant adenovirus pAdEasy-1-PN,respectively,pAdEasy-1 control group immunized with 106 TCID50 of pAdEasy-1,blank control group immunized with sodium chloride physiological solution.Immunization was carried out twice at a 4-week interval.Serum samples were collected at 0,3 and 5 weeks after the first immunization,and spleens were removed at 5 weeks followed by the isolation of spleen lymphocytes.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum levels of PIB-specific and NspA-specific antibodies,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay to evaluate the proliferaton activity of spleen lymphocytes after stimulation by the recombinant PIB and NspA antigens.A slide agglutination test was used to estimate the anti-bacterial activity of murine serum.The complement-dependent bacteriolytic activity of murine serum was also evaluated.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results Both humoral and cellular immune response specific to PIB and NspA were elicited by the recombinant adenovirus in mice.At 3 and 5 weeks after the immunization,significant differences were observed in the serum levels of PIB-specific (F =285.72,564.83,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01) and NspA-specific (F =521.57,542.61,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01)antibodies.Also,the proliferation index was statistically different among these groups in spleen lymphocytes stimulated with PIB and NspA (F =171.61,233.96,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).The vaccination efficiency was positively correlated with the inoculation dose of recombinant pAdEasy-1-PN,and 108 TCID50 per dose proved to be the optimal dose for immunization.The sera from mice immunized with pAdEasy-1-PN could agglutinate N.gonorrhoeae and kill it in the presence of complement.Conclusions The recombinant adenovirus pAdEasy-1-PN containing PIB and NspA genes could induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice,and may be a potential vaccine against N.gonorrhoeae.

Cell Communication ; Chemokines ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of cochlear reimplantation. To review our experience of cochlear reimplant surgery. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of all 25 cochlear reimplant surgeries between 2002 and 2012. Causes of revision operations, number of electrode channels inserted, surgical findings and postoperative speech performances were analyzed. RESULT: Causes of reimplantation were eight hard failures; eight poor implanted electrodes position, four poor outcome, three skin flap infection lead to implant device exposure, one postoperative symptoms of facial nerve stimulation, one postoperative temporal bone lesions. All cochlear reimplantations were successfully performed in our hospital, audiologic performances were stable or improved following reimplantation in most of cases. CONCLUSION Cochlear implant surgeons should have a good knowledge of how to diagnose cochlear implant failures and how to deal with medical complications related to cochlear implantation. Medical and audiologic outcomes are generally excellent. Cochlear reimplantation appears to be a safe and effective.
Cochlea ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; Surgical Flaps ; Temporal Bone

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cochlear implantation surgical techniques and postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. METHOD: Twenty-nine cochlear ossification patients with cochlear implantation in our department were retrospectively studied during 1997-2011. Preoperative imaging and electrophysiological assessment were done to classify the cochlear ossification of all the patients. Categories of auditory performance and speech intelligibility rating were detected to assess the outcome of cochlear implant postoperatively. RESULT: Among 29 cases with cochlear ossification, 19 cases were grade II, 4 cases were grade I, 4 cases were grade III, and 2 cases were apical turn ossification. Among 23 patients with cochlear ossification grade I and II, 17 cases were totally cochlear array insertion, and 6 cases were partial cochlear array insertion. Patients with cochlear ossification grade III were all partial cochlear array insertion. Most patients achieved good hearing and language ability after cochlear implantation. CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation can be successfully performed on the basis of systematic preoperative assessment and some patients can achieve good postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the auditory evoked response provides a good method to assess the residual spiral nerve function.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective This article aims to provide mechanisms and recent developments of molecular biology pertaining to re-sistance of Enterococci,providing rapid approaches for detecting resistant strains.Methods This article reviewed recent lit-eratures on resistance of Enterococci and a systemic analysis was conducted.Results Common detecting methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR),pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multilocus sequence typing (MLST)and South-ern blot.There also exist less widely-used methods such as pyrosequencing and genechip technique,which may prove effi-cient in some aspects.Conclusion Every method has its advantages and disadvantages.This article discussed how to utilize these methods to achieve their maximum capabilities.

We compared the total errors observed from both precision and accuracy validation experiments with defined medically allowable errors for each quantitative test,and used Westgard's method evaluation decision chart for initial judgement of the acceptability of method validation performance. Moreover,we need to judge the acceptability of other method validation parameters,so that we could integratedly assess and judge whether the testing system is acceptable to use in the laboratory.

?AlM: To observe the changes of corneal topography and astigmatism et al with various duration of closing eyes and sleep;and study the impact of closing eye and sleep causing physiological hypoxia on corneal topography.
? METHODS: Sixteen volunteers were selected ( 32 eyes), 22-33 (26. 19 ± 3. 95) years old, without refractive errors and other eye diseases, as well as never wearing corneal contact lens, including 10 male eyes and 22 female eyes. The main parameters received corneal simulation K value, corneal astigmatism, corneal irregular measure ( ClM ) and the shape factor ( SF ) by Zeiss corneal topographer. They were measured before and after closed eyes 10, 20, 30, 60, 120min; before sleep and after over 6h sleep, they were detected immediately as soon as they opened eyes after 10, 20, 60, 120min.
? RESULTS: During closing eyes, there were no statistical significance on the changes of corneal topography, corneal astigmatism, and SF. After opening eyes and over 6h sleep, there were no statistical significance on the changes of corneal topography, corneal astigmatism, ClM, and SF.
?CONCLUSlON:Closing eyes and sleep don’t injure the cornea substantially, so corneal topography and corneal astigmatism don’t mainly change.