Infantile cholestasis is a syndrome caused by multiple factors with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia for clinical characteristics. The etiologic factors include infection, poisoning, inherited metabolic defects and bile duct abnormalities. Infection, biliary atresia accounts for more than half of cholestasis children. Recently, the new causes have been recognized, for example citrin deficiency, Alagille syndrome,progressive familial cholestasis symptoms caused by different causes are similar to biliary atresia, but the prognosis and treatment are quite different. If misdiagnosed, the condition will exacerbate. Understanding the various causes plays an important role for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infantile cholestasis.

To introduce germfree isolating technologies used in gnotobiology , and to compare the differences with in Cleaning Rooms, Restrictive Access Barrier Systems (RABS) and Isolators.To expect the development of isolators , and to describe the uses of isolators in gnotobioly .

OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC-fluorescence method for simultaneous determination of losartan and its major metabolite(E-3174) in human plasma.METHODS:Plasma sample was pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction with aether then determined with valsartan served as internal standard.The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 with column temperature set at room temperature.The mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH=2.35 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (57∶43) at a flowrate of 0.5 mL?min-1.The excitation wavelength was set at 250 nm and the emission wavelength was set at 370 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of losartan was 10～1 000 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with a lowest limiest of quantification(LLOQ) of 10 ng?mL-1;the linear range of E-3174 was 5～1 000 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with a LLOQ of 5 ng?mL-1.The methodological recoveries of losartan and E-3174 were 94.05%～110.09% and 107.7%～110.94%,respectively,with both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD at less than 10.0%;the extraction recoveries of losartan and E-3174 were 69.16%～70.85% and 67.50%～70.77%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The developed method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it is applicable for the concentration determination and pharmacokinetic studies of losartan and its major metabolite (E-3174) in human plasma.

Magnesium participates in many fundamental metabolic processes and plays important roles in maintaining normal body function. Magnesium homeostasis is regulated by a fine balance between gastrointestinal absorption and renal excretion. Several hereditary disorders characterized by hypomagnesemia have been described since 1960s, including familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia and etc. Recent advances in molecular genetics and protein functions contribute to more understanding of magnesium transport. We will review clinical aspects of hereditary disorders of hypomagnesemia and summarize genetic findings related to these disorders.

BACKGROUND:Unicompartment knee replacement is more popular for smal trauma, rapid recovery, low complication and almost normal knee mechanics, and has been more and more used in clinic to repair single compartment knee disease. At present, there is no report about the influence of the angle of the single condyle prosthesis on the survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of unicompartmental knee replacement for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee in 4-6 years of fol ow-up. METHODS:Thirty patients with medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were treated by unicompartmental knee replacement with Oxford system. Complication occurrence was observed. Curative effects were evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery score before and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. On anteroposterior view, the varus/valgus alignments of the tibial components were measured relative to the long axis of the tibia. On lateral view, flexion/extension of the femoral component was measured relative to the posterior femoral cortex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Primary healing of incision was obtained in al patients, and no infection or lower limb deep venous thrombosis occurred. (2) Al of the patients were fol owed up for 48-72 months. There was no prosthetic loosening, dislocation or revision for contralateral compartment and patel ofemoral joint symptoms. (3) Hospital for Special Surgery score was significantly increased to (90.47±4.05) (P=0.00). (4) Tibial placement angle of single condyle prosthesis:The axis of the prosthesis was perpendicular to the axis of the tibia in 21 cases. Varus placement:2° in 1 case, 4° in 3 cases, 5° in 2 cases, 6° in 2 cases, and 10° in 1 case. No valgus occurred in the tibial side. (5) Femoral prosthesis placement angle:The axis of the femoral prosthesis was paral el to the posterior edge of the femoral cortex in 22 cases, on the flexed position:4° in 2 cases, 5° in 1 case, 6° in 1 case and 7° in 1 case;in the extension position:3° in 1 case, 4° in 1 case and 5° in 1 case. (6) Results suggested that the unilateral condylar replacement for the repair of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee has a good initial effect. The middle-term and long-term efficacy needs longer fol ow-up study.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices

Objective To observe the changes of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)mRNA expression in experimental lung iniury and to evaluate the effect of inhaled nitric oxide(NO)on PAI-1 mRNA expression.Methods In this study,acute lung injury rat model was established by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endotoxemia followed by a second LPS attack via intratracheal injection.Eighty-nine SD male rats aged 4～5 week were randomly assigned to three groups:saline control(C-A)group,LPS-A group attacked by LPS,LPS-NO group treated by nitric oxide.Realtime PCR was used to study the expression of PAI-1 mRNA in the lung.Histopathological lung injury score was evaluated.Results In LPS group,the histopathological lung injury score values were significantly higher than that of C-A group at 2 h[(3.10±0.38)vs(1.12±0.84)](P＜0.05)and the score values after 2 h were higher than that of LPS group at 2 h(P＜0.05).PAI-1 mRNA in lung increased gradually in LPS groups at 2 h,4 h,8 h,16 h,24 h(P＜0.05)and decreased at 48 h(P＞0.05).The PAI-1 mRNA decreased in LPS-NO groups at 4h(P＜0.05).Conclusion The study above demonstrates that PAI-1 mRNA expression is early elevated in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.Decreased PAI-1 mRNA expression is associated with the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide.

The renin-angiotension system (RAS) plays an important role in cardiovascular and renal physiology and diseases. Recent discoveries of prorenin and prorenin receptor add new contents to RAS. Renin and prorenin binding to the prorenin receptor not only target and facilitate angiotensin generation but also lead to activation of prorenin receptor signal transduction pathways, which is distinct from classical RAS signaling. In this paper, the construction, function and signal trasduction of prorenin, prorenin receptor and handle region peptide are reviewed.

Objective To observe clinical effect of treating chronic renal faihire(CRF) with herbal enema by high buttock positon. Methods 100 patients with CRF were randomly re, cuffed into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was treated with herbal enema by high buttock positon, and the control group was treated with activated carbon (Ai'xite), which were taken orally. Results The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 88.6% and 50.0% respectively. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of treating CRF with herbal enema by high buttock position was better.