Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the reformatted unenhanecded spiral CT of ureter for ureterolithiasis. Methods 39 patients were examined using nonenhenced spiral CT from the top of the kidneys to symphysis pubis in a single breath hold. The postprocessing method used in our studies was curved planar reformatting(CPR). Results Reformatted CT displayed clearly the entire course of ureter in all 39 cases . The diagnosis of ureterolithiasis was made on CPR views by definitive demonstration a calculus actually within the ureter, including the stone size, shape, location and the obstruction degree of ureter in 33 patients. The CPR views also demonstrated the ureter and the structures around clearly to aid greatly in differentiating the other 6 cases miscellaneous urinary tract conditions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the reformatted nonenhanecded spiral CT of ureter has potential as an imaging tool for the ureterolithiasis and other urinary tract abnormalities.

Objective:To evaluate the feature of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP).Methods:Thirty-eight cases with JORRP were analyzed retrospectively from June,1986 to June,2000.Results:The average age was 3.5 years before diagnosis.Average 3.45 operations had been performed per patient .Of 38 cases ,eight had comlications of laryngeal dysfunction after operations.Peristomal and tracheal papilloma were spread in six of the nineteen cases with tracheotomies.Conclusion:JORRP is the most common laryngeal tumor in children. Most patients have frequent recurrences and multiple operations. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the normal laryngeal structure during surgical excision.

Aim To investigate the effects of ?,?-methylene ATP ( ?,?-MeATP) on the P2X1 purino-ceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by different administration ways in the rat mesenteric artery. Methods Isometric vasoconstrictive responses to ?,?-MeATP,administered in non-accumulative manner or single concentration manner,were recorded in the rat isolated mesenteric arterial rings. Results ?,?-MeATP ( 10 -7 ～ 10 -4 mol ? L -1 ) administered in both of the two manners produced concentration-dependent vasocon-strictive responses in the rat isolated mesenteric artery. The vasoconstrictive responses to ?,?-MeATP in single-concentration administration group were greater than those in non-accumulative administration group when the vasoconstriction was standardized either by tissue wet weight or by maximal response to 120 mmol ?L-1 KCl ( P

Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Ouabain ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Tibetan Medicine (TM) has become important source of feature industry in several main Tibetan regions with its unique cultural and natural resources. This article argued that the researches on TM basic theories are weak;ecological environment for TM is fragile;safety evaluation ability is relatively insufficient;standardization system for researches on TM is needed; reasonable talent team supporting the development of TM industry is required;The combination of production, learning and research is not close;innovation ability is low;guiding principles for the evaluation of new TM do not exist. All of these are main factors that restrict the development of TM industry. Therefore, the main measures for the promotion of TM are:improve research level of TM theories;strengthen the protection of TM resources;promote national standard construction of TM;improve collaborative innovation ability of TM;enhance talent team construction;formulate appropriate policies and create good marketing environment.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of stretch on muscarinic receptor- and 5-hydroxytryptamine( 5-HT)receptor-mediated contractiIe responses in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the rat stomach. METHODS The contractiIe responses to carbachoI(CCh)0.001-30 μmoI·L-1 or 5-HT 0.0001 -30 μmoI·L-1 administered cumuIativeIy were recorded in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the gastric fundus,body,cardia and pyIorus of rats under different preIoads of 1.0,1.5,2.0, 2.5 and 3. 0 g,but a singIe concentration of CCh 0. 3 μmoI·L-1 was administered to the antrum. RESULTS The -Log EC50 vaIue for CCh in the isoIated circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric fundus, body and pyIorus under 1.0 g preIoad was the Iargest,but decreased significantIy with higher preIoads (P﹤0.05,P﹤0.01). A simiIar resuIt was obtained in the isoIated circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric body when 5-HT was used as an agonist. The Emax vaIue of contractiIe responses to CCh and 5-HT in the cir-cuIar muscIe strips of the gastric cardia under 3.0 g preIoad was increased by 117.4% and 75.7% com-pared to that under 1.0 g preIoad. The Emax vaIue of contractiIe responses to 5-HT in the circuIar muscIe strips of the gastric body under 3.0 g preIoad was aIso increased by 115.9% when compared to 1.0 g preIoad. The Emax( g) vaIue of contractiIe responses to CCh in four types of muscIe strips was 10.453±2.956(cardia under 3.0 g preIoad),13.878±2.618(fundus under 2.5 g preIoad),10.244±1.843 (gastric body under 2.5 g preIoad)and 2.585±1.098(pyIorus under 2.5 g preIoad),respectiveIy. The Emax(g)vaIue of contractiIe responses to 5-HT in three types of muscIe strips was 4.363±1.705(cardia under 3.0 g preIoad),3.931±0.615(fundus under 3.0 g preIoad)and 3.161±0.680(gastric body under 3.0 g preIoad),respectiveIy. CONCLUSlON 0.5 g or 1.0 g preIoad is inadequate for accurate determi-nation of contractiIe responses mediated by muscarinic receptors and 5-HT receptors in isoIated circuIar muscIe strips taken from the rat gastric cardia,fundus,body and pyIorus,but 2.0 g preIoad is optimaI for investigating muscarine receptor- or 5-HT receptor-mediated contractiIe responses of isoIated gastric strips of rats.

The extended service in domestic and foreign medical libraries was summarized according to the trans-formation of medical library and the need of public health information followed by a description of some typical cases of extended service provided by MedlinePlus website , Disaster Medical Information Management Research Center , and patient libraries in order to provide the reference for domestic medical libraries to cary out their extended service .

BACKGROUND:Recent advances in polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) block copolymer and hydroxyapatite surface-grafted with poly(l-lactide) (HA-g-PLLA), including their synthesis and preparation, have been approved for application in bone tissue engineering. But they have stil many disadvantages. Combination of HA-g-PLLA and PEG-PLA could show a great potential for development in bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PLA-PEG/HA-g-PLLA composite fibrous material with different content of HA-g-PLLA on adhesion, multiplication and cellviability of osteoblasts. METHODS:Four fibrous materials of 5%PLA-PEG, 5%PLA-PEG/5%HA-g-PLLA, 5%PLA-PEG/10%HA-g-PLLA, 5%PLA-PEG/15%HA-g-PLLA were prepared using electrospinning technique and divided into four experimental groups. Mouse osteoblasts were inoculated on the materials. A statistical analysis was done based on results from celldyeing and alkaline phosphatase detection at certain time points to evaluate the effect of new materials on osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and viability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experiment of cellmultiplication and the test of alkaline phosphatase activity, both absorbance values and activity of alkaline phosphatase from high to low were 5%PLA-PEG/10%HA-g-PLLA>5%PLA-PEG/15%HA-g-PLLA>5%PLA-PEG/5%HA-g-PLLA>5%HA-g-PLLA (P<0.05). The absorbance value of PLA-PEG/HA-g-PLLA roughly presented a waveform with the increasing addition of HA-g-PLLA. The effect of PLA-PEG/HA-g-PLLA composite fibrous material on adhesion, multiplication and osteogensis of osteoblasts increases with addition of HA-g-PLLA in a certain range.

Objective To investigate the relationship between edema and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) within traumatic penumbra (TP) of rats with brain trauma.Methods Eighty-eight healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n =11) and trauma group (n =77),according to the random number table.Trauma group were further subdivided into seven time points (1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 7 d) of 11 animals each.Brain tissue samples from the moderate brain models were collected to evaluate brain edema with histological observation,blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability with semiquantitative immunohistohemical staining of IgG,and AQP4 expression with immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results In control group pathology and IgG staining revealed no abnormalities and expression of AQP4 was few.In trauma group light edema zone was visualized at 1 h,began widening,reached the peak at 12 h [(1.589 ±0.020)mm],and then began narrowing.There were significances in width of the edematous band at each time point except for the comparison at 24 h vs.48 h and 72 h vs.7 d (P ＜ 0.05).After trauma,vasogenic edema was found in edema zone at 1 h,intracellular edema was found at 6 h,both aggravated at 12 h and alleviated slightly at 24 h,and intracellular edema predominated at 48 h.IgG showed intensively positive staining at 1,12 and 48 h,and weak staining at 6 h,24 h,72 h and 7 d.After trauma,expression of AQP4 decreased at 1 h (0.659 ± 0.021),returned slightly at 6 h (1.257 ±0.058),peaked at 12 h (2.499 ±0.136),declined again at 24 h (2.267 ± 0.068),re-raised at 72 h (2.078 ± 0.065),and returned to the baseline at 7 d (1.280 ± 0.065).There were significant differences in level of AQP4 at each time point except for the comparison at6h vs.7 d,24 h vs.72 h and 24 h vs.72 h (P＜0.05).Conclusions In the early phase vasogenic edema characterized by BBB damage is significant within TP,which leads to decreased expression of AQP4.However,the subsequent up-regulation of AQP4 results in intracellular edema,which accelerate the spreading of TP.AQP4 may involve in body's defense reaction.

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde on activities of enzymes in testes of male mice. Methods Male Kunming mice were used. Experimental groups had been exposed to formaldehyde with different doses by i.p. once per day for 7 consecutive days. The formaldehyde doses were 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg/kg body weight. The mice were killed after 7 days of treatment and their testes were fetched out to be made into even slurry and the activities of LDH, G-6-PD and SDH in them were tested. Results The activities of G-6-PD and SDH were decreased with the increasing of doses of formaldehyde. Compared with the control group, the activities of SDH in each exposed group had significantly decreased (P