OBJECTIVE:To optimize ultrasonic extraction technology for polysaccharide from Aconiti lateralis radix praepara-ta(ALRP). METHODS:Uniform design method was applied to investigate the effects of liquid material ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature on extraction rate of polysaccharide from ALRP. Verification test was conducted and compared with the re-sults of conventional decoction and boiling method. RESULTS:Optimized ultrasonic extraction technology was as follow as liquid material ratio of 10 mL/g,ultrasonic time of 34 min and ultrasonic temperature of 73 ℃. The polysaccharide extraction rate in veri-fication test was 19.05%(RSD=0.60%,n=3),relative error of the predicted value (19.44%) was 2.0%,while the extraction rate was higher than decoction and boiling method(16.42%). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized ultrasonic extraction technology is sim-ple,rapid and stable with high extraction rate,which is suitable for extracting polysaccharide from ALRP.

Objective To study the significance of anti-antibody of liver antigens in the diagnosis of autoim- mune hepatitis disease.Methods Patients were divided into three groups according the diseases:autoimmune hepatic disease 45 cases including autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)15 cases,primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)20 cases,and prima- ry sclerotic cholangitis(PSC)10 cases;Various virus hepatitis 50 cases;Liver damage of unknown cause 30 cases.Au- to-antibody of liver antigens SLA/LP,LKM-1,LC-1,and AMA-M2 were identified by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)assay and immunoblot assay.Results The positive rates of anti-SLA/LP(46.6%)was significantly higher than those of anti-LKM-1(13.3%),anti-LC-1(0%),and anti-AMA-M2(13.3%)in patients with AIR while these four antibodies were negative in patients with virus hepatitis.The positive rates of anti-AMA-M2 in patients of PBC and unknown liver damage were 95.0% and 6.6%,respectively.Conclusion Anti-SLA/LP is a new specific serum marker in diagnosis of AIR.The auto-antibody detection of liver antigens will be helpful to the diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune hepatic disease.

Objective:To figure out the characteristics of annual medical expenditure for rural residents and its distribution among different population.Methods:The individual annual medical service utilization information was summarized after dealing with the database of the 2014 new rural cooperative medical system by Excel.It prescribed the clustering of medical expenditure by Lorenz curve and Gini index.Descriptive statistics and x2 test were used to compare the characteristics and distribution of the annual medical expenditure among rural residents.The Chi-square test was conducted to compare the differences of the population distribution.Results:The costliest 5％ patients accounted for approximately 68％ of total health care expenditure.The annual total expenditure was 16628 yuan per capita among high-cost population,while low-cost population were 108 yuan.The Gini index of medical expenditure for rural residents was 0.81.Among female and population over 45 years old,the proportion of high-cost population was higher than 5％.People living near provincial road,in flatlands or areas where the ability of township hospital was limited were nore likely to expense higher medical costs,known as 6.40％,5.50％ and 5.80％ separately.Conclusion:Clustering of medical expenditure for rural residents was remarkable,while the expenditure among high-cost,medium-cost and low-cost population were quite different.The elderly,female and primary population living in areas where the ability of township hospitals were limited were more likely to generate high medical costs.

300 cases of atrophic gastritis were typed into 3 groups according to TCM principle, viz. Qideficiency of the Spleen-Stomach, Yang-deficiency of the Spleen-Stomach and Yin-deficiency of the Spleen-Stomach. Biopsy specimens were examined pathologically and detection of Helicobactor pylori performed for comparism. Results showed that in the Yin-deficiency type, the severity of lesion in the gastric mucosa and its type of lesion, severity of atrophy of mucosal glands, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells were most serious, while for the detection of Helicobactor pylori, it made no difference among all the three types.

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in digestive system. The incidence of gastric cancer in China is higher than that in developed countries. The prognosis of gastric cancer is closely related to the stage of cancer, and the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer is poor. Improving the detection rate of early gastric cancer is the key to improve the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Endoscopic technology developed rapidly in recent years,various forms of endoscopy have been applied in clinical practice,and the detection rate of early gastric cancer was increased. This article reviewed the advances in study on endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the midterm efficacy of prosthetic disc nucleus ( PDN) replacement for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods Twenty cases of lumbar disc herniation( including one case of recurrent lumbar disc herniation) were treated with PDN. The twenty cases were followed-up 5.4 ～6.2 years( mean 5.7 years). Functional,and radiographic follow-up examinations,MRI and follow-up records of all patients were reviewed carefully. Results Clinical evaluation at the end of follow-up,there were 10 cases in excellent,6 cases in good,2 cases in fair and 2 cases in poor,and good rate was 80%. One patient accepted the revision operation to remove the PDN because of device migration. One patient accepted the fusion because of adjacent segment disease. The others experienced pain relief, and resumed their normal life and work. The average Oswestry score and VAS get better significantly. Conclusion The PDN was effective in treating patients with lumbar disc herniation. However, the medium term complications of device subsidence should be taken seriously.

Bone metastasis is one of the most common complications of malignant tumors.Cell adhesion molecules(CAMs),including cadherin family,integrin family,selectin family,immunoglobulin superfamily,and hyaladherin,play an important role in bone metastasis of tumor through homotypic and heterotypic adhesive interactions.In this review,molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning bone metastasis associated with CAMs,the role in a multi-step bone metastatic cascades will be discussed.

Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in homeostasis and wound repair of skin tissue. Since ESCs are rare (fewer than 10% in total basal cells population) and lack specific markers,it is difficult to isolate and identify them from keratinocytes. Currently ,isolation of ESCs was achieved mainly by fast adhesion of ESCs to extracelluar matrix or flow cytometry. Several specific markers have been found in recent years for the identification of ESCs.

砄bjective: To determine the effects of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist( IL lra) on the production of IL 6 induced by IL 1? in human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs). Methods:HGFs at passage 5 were exposed to various concentrations of IL 1? with or without IL 1r? . IL 6 in the culture medium was measured with a sandwish ELISA assay. Results:IL 6(?g/L) produced by HGFs exposed to IL 1? at the concentrations (?g/L) of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 were 207?40.29, 235?80.78, 370?40.62, 570?68.17 and 737.5?83.47 respectively. While that by HGFs exposed to IL 1? at 10 ?g/L with IL 1r?(?g/L) at 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 were 387.5?49.69, 312.5?26.81, 242.5?25.86 and 217.5?21.65 respectively. Conclusion: IL lra can inhibite the IL 1? induced IL 6 production in HGFs.

Objective To study the effective anticoagulant components of the fermented products of mycelium from Tremella aurantialba 9800. Method To adopt system menstruum deal with fermented products of mycelium from Tremella aurantialba,then mycelium from tremella aurantialba was studied with the clotting time of the thrombogen,the whole blood clotting time in mice and thrombosis experiment in mice. Result Butanol extract of fermented products of mycelium from Tremella aurantialba behave anticoagulant function. Ethyl acetate extract and water extract also behave feeble activity. Conclusion The effective anticoagulant components of the fermented products of mycelium from Tremella aurantialb is butanol extract.