Background Studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the development and progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and the association between VEGF-2578C/A polymorphism(SNPs) and risk for DR is a hotspot.Objective This Meta analysis aimed to investigate the comprehensive and reliable conclusion in the association of VEGF-2578C/A SNPs and risk for DR in different races.Methods A systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,VIP,Wanfang technological,CNKI and reference lists of relevant articles was carried out until April,2014.Case-control studies on the relationship between VEGF-2578C/A SNPs and DR were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the relevance of VEGF-2578C allele to DR,the relevance of VEGF-2578C/A SNPs to DR and the relevance of VEGF-2578A allele to Caucasian DR were quantitatively analyzed.Begger funnel plot of publication biases on the relationships of VEGF SNPs with the risk of DR under the allele and dominant models was drown.RevMan 5.0 software was used for the statistical analysis.The pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95％ confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of the association.Results A total of 1 228 DR cases and 1 224 diabetes controls without retinopathy(DWR) were included from 8 independent studies (9 groups of data).A significant relationships between VEGF-2578A allelic gene and VEGF-2578AA gene type with DR were found in all samples,and the A allelic gene and AA gene type were the risk genes of DR (A versus C:OR=1.39,95％ CI=1.08-1.80,Z=2.52,P=0.01;AA versus CC+C/A:OR=1.53,95％ CI=1.05-2.24,Z=2.20,P=0.03;CC versus AA+C/A:OR=0.70,95％ CI=0.50-0.98,Z =2.10,P =0.04).When the other two studies which did not meet the HardyWeinberg Equilibrium were incorporated in a sensitivity analysis,the results were not materially altered.VEGF-2578 A allelic gene was the risk gene to Europeans with DR (OR =1.50,95％ CI=1.02-2.21,Z =2.07,P =0.04),but not among Asians in subgroup analysis (P＞0.05).No significant publication bias was found.Conclusions The Meta analysis demonstrates that VEGF-2578C/A is associated with DR in Europeans but not in Asians.Further case-control studies based on larger sample size are still needed,especially in Asians.

Concentration of blood free-radicals in 19 normal subjects and 35 patients with NIDDM was estimated by electron spin resonance spectrometer. Serum lipid peroxide (Lpo) and vitamin E were measured with biochemical methods. As compared with controls, patients with NIDDM had significantly higher blood free-radical level and serum Lpo level. The results suggested that the metabolism of free-radicals was disturbed in NIDDM.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of entecavir combined with triple viable bifidobacterium capsules in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis induced by chronic hepatitis B.Methods:Totally 86 chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 43 ones in each.The control group was given entecavir treatment,and the observation group was treated with triple viable bifidobacterium capsules additionally.The treatment course was three months.The effect of treatment,changes of liver function(TBiL,AST,ALT,etc.),liver fibrosis level (HA,PCⅢ,LN,etc.)and adverse events were compared between the groups before and after the treatment.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05);the levels of TBiL,AST and ALT decreased in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05),and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);the levels of HA,PC III and LN decreased in the two groups after the treatment (P<0.05),and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);there were no significant adverse drug reactions in both groups during the treatment course.Conclusion:Entecavir combined with triple viable bifidobacterium capsules in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis induced by chronic hepatitis B exhibits significant clinical efficacy,which can improve liver function and liver fibrosis with promising safety and without significant adverse reactions.

Objective To research the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline and taxane in early or locally advanced breast cancer and its effects on ER, PR and Her-2.Methods 120 cases of early or locally advanced breast cancer patients were selected as the research objects, according to the order of admission, the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group.The control group were given conventional chemotherapy with EC regimen (epirubicin +cyclophosphamide), while the observation group were treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.The clinical efficacy and the expression of ER, PR and Her-2 receptor in the two groups after treatment were compared.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 73.33%, which was higher than that of the control group (53.33%) (P<0.05).After treatment, the positive expression level (0~+++) of ER receptor in the observation group were 20.00%, 15.00%, 35.00%, 30.00%, respectively, the positive expression level(0~+++) of PR receptor were 26.67%, 20.00%, 23.33% and 30.00%, respectively, were significantly better than those of the control group ( ER:31.67%, 21.67%, 28.33%, 18.33%, PR:40.00%, 25.00%, 20.00%, 15.00%) (P<0.05).But there was no significant difference between the two groups in the expression of Her-2 receptor (25.00%, 11.67%, 30.00%, 33.33% and 31.67%, 21.67%, 16.67%, 30.00%, respectively).The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group were 6.67% and 21.67%, respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion In the treatment of early or late stage breast cancer , anthracycline combined with taxane neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a significant effect, which can effectively improve the expression of ER and PR receptors.In addition to improve the effect of clinical treatment, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in a certain extent,so it can be used as a new adjuvant chemotherapy in the clinical application of the best option.

Distribution channel of Chinese herbal medicines has been changing. From Han to Ming Dynasty, Chinese herbal medicine were mainly trafficked to urban by dealers or farmers; From the Ming Dynasty to the foundation of new China, distribution channels are primarily intermediated with township "bazaar" and national distribution center with fixed place and regularly trading hours. In the planned economy period, the state-owned herbal medicine company was the sole medium with monopoly nature. From the mid1980s to the end of last century, planned economy and market economy have been co-existing. Stepping into 21st century, producing area highlighted in the distribution channels. Presence or absence and rise or fall of different types of distribution market went throughout the changing process of distribution channels, which became an important clue. Changes were motivated by economical consideration of channel subject, which originated from commodity characteristic and social environment changes.
Cities ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; supply & distribution ; Economic Development ; Marketing

[Objective]To investigate the expressions of CD-147 in osteosarcoma samples and to research clinically pathological significance. [Methods]The expressions of CD-147 was detected by immunohistochemistry SABC method in 55 cases of osteosarcoma samples.[Results]The moderate/strong expression of CD-147 was 54.5% compared with giant cell tumor of bone.And the high expressions of CD-147 was in close correlation with diagnosis and prognosis in osteosarcoma.[Conclusion]CD-147 were overexpressed in osteosarcoma,which can be relevant to the malignant progression of osteosarcoma.

Objective: To observe the effect of auricular needling on abilities of learning and memory as well as expression of NMDAR1 in rats with vascular dementia(VD).Methods:VD rat model was established by blocking 4-vessel.The immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the changes of NMDAR1 expression,the Y-type maze test was used to measure the abilities of learning and memory.Results:There were slight expression of NMDAR1cells in the brain tissue of normal group.Compared with the normal group,the expression of NMDAR1 positive cells in model group were significantly enhanced,but the average optical density is obvious reduced(P

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of familial adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH). Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 3 patients with familial AIMAH were retrospectively analyzed. Results Case 1 was the proband. The mean age of onset of familial AIMAH was 59.3 years, and mean duration of disease was 6.7 years. The plasma ACTH levels of case 1 and case 2 were below 2.2pmol/L, and the secretion rhythm of serum cortisol in them was disorderly. Low or high dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 1, while only low dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 2. In case 3, all the plasma cortisol, ACTH level and their secretion rhythm were normal, and either low or high dose of dexamethasone suppressed cortisol secretion successfully. Ultrasound examination revealed multiple hypoechoic nodules in both adrenal glands, and CT scanning showed bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia in all 3 cases. Pituitary MR imaging was normal in all 3 cases. Conclusions The pathogenesis of sporadic and familial AIMAH remains unclear. Familial AIMAH provides an evidence that genetic transmission of the disease may happen. The clinical characteristics of familial AIMAH are similar to those of sporadic AIMAH. It is possible that some subclinical cases among familial AIMAH ascape the diagnosis.

Objective:To research the application of flurbiprofen compound small dose fentanyl with self-control vein analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the influence on blood coagulation function.Methods:102 cases with laparoscopic cholecystectomy who were treated in our hospital from November 2015 to November 2016 were selected and divided into the control group and the research group,with 51 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with postoperative intravenous analgesia with low-dose fentanyl,while the patients in the research group were treated with postoperative intravenous analgesia with flurbiprofen ester compound low-dose fentanyl.Then the fibrinogen (Fg),activated partial prothrombin time (APTT),prothrombin time (PT),platelet count (PLT),substance P,5-hydrocarbon serotonin (5-HT),interleukin 6,8 (IL-6,IL-8) and complications between two groups were observed and compared.Results:Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference about the Fg,APTT,PT,PLT,substance P,5-HT,IL-6 and IL-8 between two groups (P＞0.05);After treatment,the Fg,APTT,PT,PLT,substance P,5-HT,IL-6 and IL-8 increased in the two groups,while the research group was lower than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The postoperative complication rate of research group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Flurbiprofen ester compound small dose fentanyl with self-control vein analgesia can relieve coagulation function,and inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors.

BackgroundLimbal stem cell deficiency usually leads to blindness, and traditional therapy is limited. Recent research demonstrated that bone mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) and human amniotic epithelial cells(AECs) could differentiate into many kinds of cells including corneal epithelial cells, but the outcome and effect of these cells on corneal stem cell deficiency are still unclear. ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe and compare the effects of rabbit BMSCs and human AECs transplantation for rabbit limbal stem cell deficiency. Methods Eighteen clean New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the amniotic stroma(AS) group, rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group with 6 rabbits for each group. Limbal stem cell deficiency models were established by putting a piece of filter paper that had been soaked in a NaOH solution at the corneal center. Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with the attachment culture method, and human AECs were collected by a sequential trypsin digestion technique,and the third generation rabbit BMSCs and the first generation human AECs were identified with RT-PCR. After that,cells were inoculated onto the denuded AS and grafted to the corneal surface of the experimental animals. Twenty-eight days after cell transplantation, the therapeutic effects were evaluated based on the corneal neovascularization and opacity scores. Corneal histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness among AS,rabbit BMSCs and human AECs on corneal stem cell deficiency. The procedure complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. ResultsThe third generation of rabbit BMSCs grew well after 12 hours, and the first generation of human AECs formed a membrane-like monolayer after 48 hours of incubation on AS. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that, 28 days after transplantation, the surface cells of the cornea were positive for cytokeratin 3 in both the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group.Compared with the AS group,the corneal neovascularization and opacity grades were significantly decreased in the rabbit BMSCs group( Z=-2. 983, P =0. 003 ; Z =-2. 844, P =0. 004 ) and human AECs group ( Z =-2. 817, P =0. 005 ; Z =-2.041, P =0. 041 ). Histopathological analysis exhibited that stratified corneal epithelial-like cells formed on the corneal stroms 28 days after grafting and no signs of goblet cells and neovascularization were found. Less inflammatory cells and regular collagen fiber could be seen in the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group. In addition,clinical observation also revealed that the corneas were much clearer in the rabbit BMSCs group than the human A ECs group( Z =-2. 091 , P=0. 037 ), but the corneal neovascularization score was similar between them (Z = -0. 267,P=-0. 789). ConclusionsRabbit BMSCs and human AECs can differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells onthedamagedcornealsurfaceandfurtherdemonstrateremarkableinhibitoryeffectsoncornealneovascularization and inflammatory cells. The more dominant and prominent effect is the role played by rabbit BMSCsin the improvement of corneal transparency.