Methods of writing a scientific paper and forming a working hypothesis were lectured. The concept mapping method has the possibility of evaluating learners' organization of knowledge in research. We tried an application of concept mapping to the research process of nursing. Concept mapping would clarify the conceptual framework, and develop research ability and problem-solving capability.
concept ; Research ; Investigations ; Nurses ; Lower case dee

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy (SSM) is a method of removing a minimum amount of the skin and a mammary gland under the skin and conserving the native skin. Therty-eight patients (39-73 years old) with breast cancer underwent SSM and immediate breast reconstruction by the use of silicon natrium solution bags. Before cancer operation, none of them said they hoped for immediate breast reconstruction by autogenous tissue. Two patients were considering the reconstruction with autogenous tissue after silicon natrium solution bag reconstruction. By the reconstruction of an implant insertion, it was difficult to achieve a good result by one operation. About half of the reconstructed breast was asymmetry. But, nobody hoped for a revision operation or re-implant operation. There patients said they were not afraid of going to a hot spring but two patients said they were hesitant to do so. The Hokushin district is an agricultural area. So, there was no one who wanted to take time off from to undergo a revision operation to preserve a cosmetic appearance. We should advise secondary reconstruction in the Hokushin district.
Solutions ; Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of skin ; Integumentary system ; Simple mastectomy ; Lower case dee